| 词条 | Fifth Republic of Venezuela |
| 释义 |
| conventional_long_name = Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela{{nobold|{{ref label|name|a|none}}}} | common_name = Venezuela | native_name = {{unbulleted list|item_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|es|República Bolivariana de Venezuela}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Venezuela (state).svg | image_coat = File:Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg | national_motto = | national_anthem = Gloria al Bravo Pueblo {{small|({{lang-en|"Glory to the Brave People"}})}} | image_map = Venezuela (orthographic projection).svg | capital = Caracas | coordinates = {{Coord|10|30|N|66|55|W|type:city}} | largest_city = Caracas | official_languages = Spanishb | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 51.6% Moreno | 43.6% White | 2.9% Black | 1.2% others | 0.7% Afrodescendant | ethnic_groups_year = 2011[1] | demonym = Venezuelan | government_type = Federal presidential constitutional republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Nicolas Maduro (Disputed) | leader_title2 = Vice President | leader_name2 =Delcy Rodríguez (Disputed) | leader_title3 = President of the National Assembly | leader_name3 = Juan Guaidó | legislature = National Assembly | sovereignty_type = Independence | established_event1 = from Spain | established_date1 = 5 July 1811 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|from Gran Colombia}} | established_date2 = 13 January 1830 | established_event3 = Recognized | established_date3 = 30 March 1845 | area_km2 = 916,445 | area_rank = 33rd | area_sq_mi = 353,841 | percent_water = 0.32{{ref label|area|d|none}} | population_census = 31,775,371[2] | population_census_year = 2016 estimate | population_census_rank = 44th | population_density_km2 = 33.75 | population_density_sq_mi = 87.42 | population_density_rank = 181st | GDP_PPP = $404.109 billion[2] | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $12,859[2] | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $251.589 billion[2] | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $8,004[2] | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 44.8 | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = [3] | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.761 | HDI_year = 2017 | HDI_change = decrease | HDI_ref = [4] | HDI_rank = 78th | currency = Bolívar soberano{{ref label|currency|e|none}} | currency_code = VEF | time_zone = VET | utc_offset = –4 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy (CE) | drives_on = right | calling_code = +58 | cctld = .ve | footnote_a = {{note label|name|a|none}} The "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela" has been the full official title since the adoption of the new Constitution of 1999, when the state was renamed in honor of Simón Bolívar. | footnote_b = {{note label|languages|b|none}} The Constitution also recognizes all indigenous languages spoken in the country. | footnote_c = {{note label|groups|c|none}} Some important subgroups include those of Spanish, Italian, Amerindian, African, Portuguese, Arab and German descent. | footnote_d = {{note label|area|d|none}} Area totals include only Venezuelan-administered territory. | footnote_e = {{note label|currency|e|none}} On 1 January 2008, a new bolivar was introduced, the bolívar fuerte (ISO 4217 code VEF) worth 1,000 VEB. | religion = {{nowrap|71% Catholic 17% Protestant 8% Agnostic/Atheist 3% Other religion 1% No answer[5]}} | recognized_regional_languages = Indigenous languages | country_code = }} The Fifth Republic of Venezuela, commonly known as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ({{lang-es|República Bolivariana de Venezuela}}), is referred to as the period in contemporary Venezuelan history that stretches from 1999 with the election of Hugo Chávez to the presidency, the installation of his Bolivarian Revolution and spanning in to the present day. Venezuela has been considered the Bolivarian Republic following the adoption of the new Constitution of 1999, when the state was renamed in honor of Simón Bolívar. Since Chávez's election into office, Venezuela developed into a dominant-party system, dominated by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela and where numerous other parties exist. Following the refusal of the newly opposition-led Congress after the 2017 Venezuelan Constitutional Assembly election to enact desperately needed measures to alleviate the deteriorating situation (caused largely by the US-imposed economic blockade of Venezuela) the Bolivarian government applied constitutionally granted presidential powers to call for an election of a functioning Assembly. The opposition boycotted this election, which effectively removed official political opposition from Venezuela, raising concerns of an emerging 'dictatorship' according to the US government and media, which have openly backed the opposition.[6] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gob.ve/documentos/Demografia/CensodePoblacionyVivienda/pdf/nacional.pdf |title=Resultado Básico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 (Mayo 2014) |page=29 |publisher=Ine.gov.ve |accessdate=8 September 2014}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=70&pr.y=8&sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=299&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Venezuela |publisher=International Monetary Fund}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Income Gini coefficient |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/income-gini-coefficient |website=United Nations Development Programme |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=21 September 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf |title=2018 Human Development Report |year=2018 |accessdate=14 September 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Aguire|first1=Jesus Maria|language=Spanish|title=Informe Sociográfico sobre la religión en Venezuela|url=http://www.gumilla.org/biblioteca/bases/biblo/texto/SIC2012745_211-222.pdf|accessdate=5 April 2015|publisher=El Centro Gumilla|date=June 2012}} 6. ^{{cite news|last1=Casey|first1=Nicholas|last2=Herrero|first2=Ana Vanessa|title=Jailings Raise Fears of Dictatorship in Venezuela|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/01/world/americas/venezuela-opposition-nicolas-maduro.html|accessdate=2 August 2017|work=The New York Times|date=1 August 2017}} 2 : History of Venezuela|Venezuela |
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