“Financial disclosure of public servants”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Financial disclosure of public servants (asset declaration) is a disclosure of financial information by public servants. It is a requirement of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC).

History

Not counting states in the USA, the first country which made declarations available to public was United Kingdom in 1974,^[1] when the House of Commons introduced the Register of Members' Financial Interests. Following the Watergate scandal financial disclosure of public officials was made a requirement in the United States by its Ethics in Government Act of 1978.^[2] In 1980-th most of European countries disclosed public assets declarations. Italy in 1982,^[1] Portugal - 1983.^[1]

In Eastern European countries{{which|date=November 2017}} (ex-USSR) declarations were not gathered not before 1990{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}.

Asset declaration aims to increase transparency and the trust, prevent and resolve conflicts of interest, and monitor wealth either to discourage from misconduct or to provide additional evidence.

Conflict of interest control

The UNCAC states that the conflict of interest is a criteria which determines what information should be disclosed{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines conflict of interest as "a conflict between the public duty and private interests of a public official, in which the public official has private-capacity interests which could improperly influence the performance of their official duties and responsibilities".^[3]

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/corruption/anti-bribery/47489446.pdf|title=Asset Declarations for Public Officials. A TOOL TO PREVENT CORRUPTION (English). 2011. с. 22.|publisher=OECD|accessdate=21 June 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43186.pdf|title=Financial Disclosure by Federal Officials and Publication of Disclosure Reports|publisher=Federation of American Scientists|accessdate=21 June 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://acts.oecd.org/Instruments/ShowInstrumentView.aspx?InstrumentID=130|title=Recommendation of the Council on OECD Guidelines for Managing Conflict of Interest in the Public Service|publisher=OECD|date=28 May 2003|accessdate=8 November 2017}}