“BBC World News”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The channel originally started as BBC World Service Television and was a commercial operation. The British government refused to fund to the new television service using grant-in-aid. (BBC World Service radio was funded by a grant-in-aid from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office until 2014.) The channel started broadcasting on 11 March 1991, after two weeks of real-time pilots, initially as a half-hour bulletin once a day at 19:00 GMT.

BBC World's on-air design was changed significantly on 3 April 2000, bringing it closer to the look of its sister channel in the UK which was then known as BBC News 24, the on-air look of which had been redesigned in 1999.^[4] The look of both channels was made up of red and cream and designed by Lambie-Nairn, with music based on a style described as 'drums and beeps' composed by David Lowe, a departure from the general orchestral nature of music used by other news programmes.

On 8 December 2003 a second makeover, using the same 'drums and beeps' style music but new graphics took place, although on a much smaller scale to that of 2000. The music was changed slightly while the main colour scheme became black and red, with studios using frosted glass and white and red colours. Later in 2004, the channel's slogan became Putting News First, replacing Demand a Broader View.

The channel's present name -BBC World News- was introduced on 21 April 2008 as part of a £550,000 rebranding of the BBC's overall news output and visual identity. BBC World News later moved to the renovated studio vacated by BBC News 24 (now the BBC News Channel). New graphics were produced by the Lambie-Nairn design agency and music reworked by David Lowe.

Move to Broadcasting House

BBC World News relocated to Broadcasting House from its previous home at Television Centre on 14 January 2013. This was part of the move of BBC News and other audio and vision departments of the BBC into one building in Central London. Broadcasting House was refurbished at a cost of £1 billion. A new newsroom and several state-of-the-art studios were built.^[5]

Broadcasting

Live news output originates from studios B and C in Broadcasting House with some recorded programming from Broadcasting House studio A and the BBC Millbank studio. The BBC World News newsroom is now part of the new consolidated BBC Newsroom in Broadcasting House along with BBC World Service and UK domestic news services.

Previously, the channel was broadcast in 4:3, with the news output fitted into a 9 frame for both digital and analogue broadcasting, resulting in black bands at the top and bottom of the screen. On 13 January 2009 at 09:57 GMT, BBC World News switched its broadcast to 9 format, initially in Europe on Astra 1L satellite,^[6] and Eutelsat Hot Bird 6 satellite to other broadcast feeds in the Asian region from 20 January 2009.

High-definition

As a result of the move to Broadcasting House, BBC World News gained high-definition studios and equipment to be able to broadcast in high-definition. On 5 August 2013, BBC World News was offered as a High Definition (HD) feed across the Middle East when it launched its international HD channel on Arabsat. Arabsat was the BBC's first distribution partner in the Middle East to offer the channel in HD. On 1 April 2015 BBC World News in English started broadcasting in high definition from the 11.229 GHz/V transponder on Astra 1KR at the 19.2°E orbital position, available free-to-air to viewers with 60 cm dishes across Europe and coastal North Africa.^[7]

Worldwide

BBC World News claims to be watched by a weekly audience of 74 million in over 200 countries and territories worldwide.^[8] BBC World News is most commonly watched as a free-to-air (FTA) channel. The channel is available in Europe and many parts of the world via satellite (FTA) or cable platforms.

In the United States, the channel is available through providers^[9] such as Cablevision, Comcast, Spectrum, Verizon FiOS, and AT&T U-verse.^[10] As of 2014, U.S. distribution and advertising sales for the channel are handled by AMC Networks, who are the minority partner for the BBC's entertainment channel BBC America.^[11]^[12]

In addition, BBC World News syndicates its daytime and evening news programmes to public television stations throughout the U.S., originally maintaining a distribution partnership with Garden City, New York-based WLIW that lasted from 1998 until October 2008, when the BBC and WLIW mutually decided not to renew the contract.^[13]^[14]^[15] BBC World News subsequently entered into an agreement with Community Television of Southern California, Inc., in which Los Angeles PBS member station KCET (which was a public independent station from 2011 to 2018) would take over distribution rights to BBC World News America (the KCET agreement has since been extended to encompass a half-hour simulcast of the 90-minute-long midday news bulletin GMT, which airs in the U.S. as a morning show, and a weekly edition of the BBC newsmagazine Newsnight).^[16]^[17]^[18] PBS separately began distributing another program aired by the channel, Beyond 100 Days, as a tape-delayed late night broadcast on 2 January 2018, as an interim replacement for Charlie Rose. Unlike GMT and BBC World News America, Beyond 100 Days is distributed exclusively to PBS member stations as part of the service's base schedule.^[19]^[20]

Online

BBC World News began streaming its content on YouTube on 16 July 2017. The channel is available in the United States as part of Sling's World News add-on package.^[21]

United Kingdom

TV platforms in the United Kingdom (i.e. Freeview, Sky, BT TV, Freesat, Virgin) do not officially offer BBC World News as a standalone full-time channel because it carries and is funded by advertising (BBC's domestic channels are funded by a television licence fee which households and establishments that want to watch television programmes as they are being broadcast must pay), although it can be easily received due to its 'free-to-air' status on many European satellite systems, including Astra and Hot Bird and is available in selected London hotels. BBC World News can also be viewed in the public areas of Broadcasting House (the lobby and café).

However, some BBC World News programmes are officially available to UK audiences. Such programmes air on the BBC's domestic channels and some are available on-demand on the BBC's iPlayer. From 00.00 to 05.00 UK time, the top-of-the-hour news bulletins on BBC World News are simulcast on the BBC News Channel. At 01.30 weekdays, Asia Business Report and Sport Today also air on both channels. There is a simulcast of the 05:00 UK edition of The Briefing and Business Briefing on BBC One and the BBC News channel. This programme was previously branded as 'The World Today' (later a generic BBC World News bulletin) and World Business Report respectively. At 08.30 UK time, BBC Business Live airs on the BBC News Channel. BBC World News also produces a version of Outside Source at 21:00 UK time Monday-Thursday (seen on the BBC News Channel), World News Today at 19:00 Monday-Friday (seen on BBC Four), and 21:00 Friday-Sunday (seen on the BBC News Channel). World News Today replaced The World, which had been broadcast as a simulcast on BBC Four between 2002 and 2007.

Both World and the BBC News Channel have also occasionally had to simulcast the same news programme due to strike action or technical issues; this occurred in 2003 when Television Centre in London was affected by electrical problems.

Programming

World News bulletins

Half-hour BBC World News bulletins are made available to Public Broadcasting Service stations in the United States through Los Angeles' KCET, a non-commercial independent public television station which has been separate from PBS since the beginning of 2011 due to a rights fee dispute. 80 to 90% of Americans are able to receive the bulletins, though broadcast times vary between different localities. The programme is broadcast on several PBS stations in markets such as New York City and Washington DC.

On PBS stations, BBC World News is not broadcast with traditional commercials (the breaks are filled with news stories) but omits the Met Office international weather forecast at the end of the programme, replacing it with underwriting announcements. The PBS broadcasts are tape-delayed on some stations.

BBC America airs a three-hour block of BBC World News programmes from 05:00 to 08:00 on weekdays. Met Office forecasts are removed, and it is broadcast with advertisements.

BBC World News bulletins also appear on Hong Kong TVB English Channel instead of an NBC Nightly News simulcast from NBC News via its East Coast Feed at 07:30 Hong Kong Time (18:30 New York City Time), China 24 simulcasting on CGTN at 20:15 Beijing/Hong Kong Time and 30 at 19:30 Hong Kong Time. In Singapore, the English daily evening-nightly flagship mainly news bulletins appear on: MediaCorp's Channel NewsAsia instead of Singapore Tonight at 22:00 Singapore Standard Time.

Many airlines from across the world also play pre-recorded extracts of the BBC World News, have text headlines from it or have a full bulletin available on the in-flight entertainment systems. Airlines showing BBC World News include Garuda Indonesia, Emirates Airlines, Qatar Airways, Malaysia Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Royal Brunei Airlines, Myanmar Airways International, Cathay Pacific, Air New Zealand, Air Canada and Qantas.

Previous bulletins

Another BBC World News programme, the hour-long BBC World News America, aired on BBC America at 19:00 Eastern Time. A second broadcast at 22:00 Eastern Time ended in 2010 when BBC America introduced a second feed for the western time zones of the US on 18 February 2011, it was announced that BBC World News America would no longer be broadcast on BBC America and would instead be broadcast only on BBC World and local PBS stations in the United States as a 30-minute program.^[24]

The channel also produced short bulletins for public transport services in Singapore and Hong Kong:

These broadcasts began with the statement: "Welcome to BBC World News on board the Singapore Mass Rapid Transit and Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway". The short bulletin was updated twice a day, and has since been replaced by a similar programme from MediaCorp's Channel NewsAsia.

Travellers on the Heathrow Express rail service between London Paddington and London Heathrow Airport could watch a summary of the headlines from BBC World News on the LCD screens provided.

News presenters

Presenters

Former presenters

Presentation

BBC World News is, for the most part, the same channel all over the world; the commercials are intended to be the only differences. However, there are some regional programming variations. For example, a number of programmes are made exclusively for regional viewings, such as Indian feeds, and The Record Europe, which is only broadcast in Europe. Also, the weather focuses more on the area the viewer is watching from.

On most feeds of BBC World News, when there are no commercials being inserted by the cable or satellite provider similar to other channels, the break filler shows promotions for upcoming programmes on the channel. During BBC News, a news story that has not been promoted airs during what would be the commercial break. This is the case on the broadband versions of BBC World News, and on versions of BBC World News aired in the United States on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) stations. However, there are some global commercials and sponsorships which air throughout the network.

On 11 September 2007, the break filler was redesigned and now more closely resembles previous versions{{clarify|date=February 2015}}. The promotional videos now fill the entire screen and are interspersed with news and market updates, schedules, and other information. There is also no longer a unifying music composition. Instead, each 20-second promotional video uses music selected from a handful of themes, which have some unifying musical characteristics. The information screens, such as the 10-second plug for the website or YouTube channel, and the 15-second weather/time/coming up screens each feature their own theme. The colour theme was updated following the relaunch of the channel in April 2008.

Since its inception, and more so since its extensive association with the BBC News channel, the countdown to the hourly news bulletin has been a feature of the channel's presentation, accompanied by music composed by David Lowe. The current style of countdown features reporters and technical staff in many different locations working to bring news stories to air. The countdown can range from 45 seconds to 3 seconds.

Awards

BBC World News was named Best International News Channel at the Association for International Broadcasting Awards in November 2006.^[25] It won a Peabody Award in 2007 for White Horse Village^[26] and another in 2009 for Where Giving Life is a Death Sentence.^[27]

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.skyperfectv.co.jp/channel/premium/detail.html?cid=565|title=Ch.565 BBC World News Premium service|publisher=SKY PerfecTV!}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2017/global-audience-measure|title=BBC – BBC's global audience rises to 372m – Media Centre|publisher=|accessdate=31 July 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web|last=BBC|title=BBC News – About BBC World News TV|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-radio-and-tv-12957296|publisher=BBC}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/CU0004/S00001.htm|title=BBC World Unveils A New Look and a New Schedule – Scoop News|publisher=|accessdate=23 June 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web|last=Sabbagh|first=Dan|title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting|publisher=Guardian|accessdate=26 December 2012}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdRISaJNfTM|title=BBC World News goes widescreen |date=13 January 2009|accessdate=22 August 2010|publisher=YouTube}}
7. ^BBC World News launches HD service in Europe BBC Media Centre. 1 April 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015
8. ^{{cite web|title=About BBC World News TV|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-radio-and-tv-12957296|publisher=BBC|accessdate=11 July 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Where and how to watch BBC World News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-radio-and-tv-14563857|publisher=BBC|accessdate=11 July 2013}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=BBC World News launches on AT&T U-verse|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/worldnews/world-news-at-t|publisher=BBC|date=28 February 2014|accessdate=27 February 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=AMC Buys Half of BBC America to Bolster Pay-TV Leverage|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-23/amc-networks-pays-200-million-for-half-of-bbc-america|website=Bloomberg L.P.|accessdate=18 December 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=AMC Networks Pays $200M For 49.9% Of BBC America|url=http://deadline.com/2014/10/amc-networks-pays-200m-49-9-bbc-america-859244/|website=Deadline.com|accessdate=18 December 2016}}
13. ^{{cite news|title=INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS; Long Island PBS Channel To Get Live BBC Newscasts|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/07/30/business/international-business-long-island-pbs-channel-to-get-live-bbc-newscasts.html|author=Lawrie Mifflin|newspaper=The New York Times|publisher=The New York Times Company|date=30 July 1998|accessdate=24 May 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=BBC World News signs new US distributor|url=http://www.campaignlive.com/article/bbc-world-news-signs-new-us-distributor/806066|author=Paul McNally|website=CampaignUS|date=30 April 2008|accessdate=24 May 2017}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=BBC Tailors Its News Broadcast|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2002/oct/02/entertainment/et-jensen2|author=Elizabeth Jensen|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Tribune Publishing|date=2 October 2002|accessdate=24 May 2017}}
16. ^{{cite press release|title=KCET Expands Audience Reach for 'BBC World News' With Station Upgrades and Improved Time Periods; Cleared in Top 30 Markets With Six New Stations Added to Line-Up|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20080924006056/en/KCET-Expands-Audience-Reach-BBC-World-News|publisher=BBC|via=BusinessWire|date=24 September 2008|accessdate=24 May 2017}}
17. ^{{cite press release|title=New-Look 'BBC World News' Uses Unrivaled Newsgathering Resources to Bring PBS Audiences News from around the World|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20081001006313/en/New-Look-BBC-World-News-Unrivaled-Newsgathering-Resources|publisher=BBC|via=BusinessWire|date=1 October 2008|accessdate=24 May 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=KCET Picks Up 'BBC World News' Distribution From WLIW|url=http://www.tvweek.com/in-depth/2008/04/kcet-picks-up-bbc-world-news-d/|website=TVWeek|date=28 April 2008|accessdate=24 May 2017}}
19. ^{{cite press release|title=PBS and BBC Announce "Beyond 100 Days" Coming to PBS in New Late-Night Timeslot|url=http://www.pbs.org/about/blogs/news/pbs-and-bbc-announce-beyond-100-days-coming-to-pbs-in-new-late-night-timeslot/|publisher=PBS|date=19 December 2017|accessdate=11 June 2018}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=BBC’s ‘Beyond 100 Days’ Takes Charlie Rose’s Former PBS Slot|url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/bbc-beyond-100-days-pbs-1202645053/|author=Daniel Holloway|periodical=Variety|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|date=19 December 2017|accessdate=11 June 2018}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=BBC America and BBC World News now on Sling TV|url=http://blog.sling.com/announcements/bbc-america-and-bbc-world-news-now-on-sling-tv/|website=Sling|accessdate=7 August 2016}}
22. ^{{cite web|last=BBC|title=Programmes – BBC World News|url=http://www.bbcwwpartners.com/worldnews/programming|publisher=BBC}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09dccgc|title=The Briefing – BBC News|website=BBC}}
24. ^'BBC World News America' Shifts To BBC World News Multichannel News, 18 February 2011
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world_radio_and_tv/ |title=Key Dates |date= |accessdate=22 August 2010 |publisher=BBC World News}}
26. ^67th Annual Peabody Awards, May 2008.
27. ^69th Annual Peabody Awards, May 2010.

History