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词条 1920 Tour de France
释义

  1. Changes from the previous Tour

  2. Participants

  3. Race overview

  4. Results

     Stage results  General classification 

  5. Notes

  6. References

  7. Bibliography

  8. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}{{Infobox cycling race report
| name = 1920 Tour de France
| image = Tour de France 1920.png
| image_caption = Route of the 1920 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Paris
| image_alt = Map of France with 15 cities marked by black dots, connected by red lines. The route formed goes from Paris, counterclockwise along France's borders, back to Paris.
| image_size = 300px
| date = 27 June – 27 July
| stages = 15
| distance = 5503
| unit = km
| time = 228h 36' 13"
| speed = 24.072
| first = Philippe Thys
| first_nat = BEL
| first_color = yellow
| first_team = 1st class
| second = Hector Heusghem
| second_nat = BEL
| second_team = 1st class
| third = Firmin Lambot
| third_nat = BEL
| third_team = 1st class
| previous = 1919
| next = 1921
}}

The 1920 Tour de France was the 14th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 27 June to 27 July. It consisted of 15 stages over {{convert|5503|km|mi}}, ridden at an average speed of {{convert|24.072|km/h|mph}}.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=108}} It was won by Belgian Philippe Thys, making him the first cyclist to win the Tour de France three times. The Belgians dominated this Tour: 12 of the 15 stages were won by Belgians, and the first eight cyclists in the final classification were Belgian.

Changes from the previous Tour

The 1919 Tour de France had been more difficult than before because of the influence of World War I on the roads and the cyclists, but in 1920, things were going back to normal,[1] although the overall speed was only marginally higher than in 1919, the slowest Tour de France in history.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=108}} In 1919 only 67 cyclists started the race, but in 1920 this had increased to 113. Although the war was over, the cycling companies were not yet able to sponsor the cyclists in the way they did before the war, so they again bundled their forces under the nickname La Sportive.[2] The cyclists were divided in two categories, this time named 1ère classe (first class), the professionals, and 2ème classe (second class), the amateurs.[3][4]

The 1920 Tour de France used the same formula as since 1910, that would also be used until 1924: fifteen stages, in total around 5000 km, around the perimeter of France, starting and finishing in Paris.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=108}}[4] In 1919, Philippe Thys had been in poor physical condition, and he did not even finish the first stage. He was ridiculed in the newspaper, and trained hard in the winter to be in better shape in 1920.[4]

Participants

{{main list|List of cyclists in the 1920 Tour de France}}

There were 138 cyclists signed up for the race, of which 113 started the first stage. 31 of those were in the first class, the other 82 in the second class.[4]

Favourites were Christophe, Mottiat, Thys, Belloni, Alavoine and Henri Pelissier.[5]

Race overview

{{main|1920 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8|1920 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15}}

The 1920 Tour de France is described as a boring race.[6] The weather was extremely hot, and after four stages already 65 of the 113 cyclists had quit.[6]

French favourites stopped the race early. Eugène Christophe in the 7th stage because of back pain,[11] Jean Alavoine in the 2nd stage and Francis Pélissier in the 3rd stage.[4] Henri Pélissier started well by winning the third stage and the fourth stage, and was the main threat for Philippe Thys who was leading the race.[13] Then, in the 5th stage, Henri Pélissier was penalized with two minutes[4] for throwing away a flat tire illegally. Pélissier objected to the penalty, and immediately stopped the race. Desgrange mentioned that Henri Pélissier was not tough enough, and would never win the Tour de France. He would later win the 1923 edition.[1]

The first five stages finished in a group, and multiple cyclists were leading the race with the same aggregate time.[4] In fact, twelve of the fifteen stages finished with a group. Tour organiser Henri Desgrange did not like this, as he wanted the cyclists to ride as individuals.[4][4] Thys was leading the race after the fifth stage, in the same time as Emile Masson.

In the sixth and seventh stage over the Pyrénées, Thys rode economically. He kept close to cyclists who could be a threat, but did not ride away. After those two stages, he led with almost half an hour before Hector Heusghem. The next stage he won, half an hour before Heusghem, so now his lead was one hour.[4] Although Heusghem won stage nine, he did not win back any time on Thys who finished third in the same time.[7]

The yellow jersey had been introduced already in 1919, but in 1920 the organisation had not awarded the jersey in the first eight stages. After Thys was still leading in stage nine, he received the yellow jersey.[4] Tour organiser Desgrange was so unhappy with the lack of battle in the race, that he wanted to stop the race after the tenth stage, but was convinced to let the race continue.[6]

The Belgians had dominated the race. Honoré Barthélémy was the best French cyclist at the eighth place. He had many falls during the race, broke his wrist and dislocated his shoulder.[11] Barthélémy turned his handlebars up so he did not have to bend his back.[4] When he reached Paris, the French crowd considered him a hero.[4]

The race was won by Belgian Thys. Thys had been in every breakaway,[8] finished in the top five in every stage, winning four stages and coming in second seven times.[9]

Results

In each stage, all cyclists started together. The cyclist who reached the finish first, was the winner of the stage.

The time that each cyclist required to finish the stage was recorded. For the general classification, these times were added up; the cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader. From the ninth stage on, the leader in the general classification was identified by the yellow jersey.

Stage results

[10]{{sfn>Augendre|2016|p=18}}[11]
StageDateCourseDistanceType[12]WinnerRace leader
127 June Paris to Le Havre388|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stageLouis Mottiat|BEL}}Louis Mottiat|BEL}}[13]
229 June Le Havre to Cherbourg364|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stagePhilippe Thys|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}[14]
31 July Cherbourg to Brest405|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stageHenri Pélissier|FRA}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}[15]
43 July Brest to Les Sables d'Olonne412|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stageHenri Pélissier|FRA}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}[16]
55 July Les Sables d'Olonne to Bayonne482|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stageFirmin Lambot|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}[16]
67 July Bayonne to Luchon326|km|mi|abbr=on}} Stage with mountainFirmin Lambot|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
79 July Luchon to Perpignan323|km|mi|abbr=on}} Stage with mountainJean Rossius|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
811 July Perpignan to Aix-en-Provence325|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stageLouis Heusghem|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
914 July Aix-en-Provence to Nice356|km|mi|abbr=on}} Stage with mountainPhilippe Thys|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
1016 July Nice to Grenoble333|km|mi|abbr=on}} Stage with mountainHector Heusghem|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
1118 July Grenoble to Gex362|km|mi|abbr=on}} Stage with mountainLéon Scieur|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
1220 July Gex to Strasbourg354|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stagePhilippe Thys|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
1322 July Strasbourg to Metz300|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stagePhilippe Thys|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
1424 July Metz to Dunkerque433|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stageFélix Goethals|FRA}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
1527 July Dunkerque to Paris340|km|mi|abbr=on}} Plain stageJean Rossius|BEL}}Philippe Thys|BEL}}
Total{{convert|5503|km|0|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=108}}

General classification

The final general classification, calculated by adding the stages times, was won by Philippe Thys.

Final general classification (1–10)[10]
RankRiderClassTime
1Philippe Thys|BEL}} 1 231h 07' 15"
2Hector Heusghem|BEL}} 1 + 57' 21"
3Firmin Lambot|BEL}} 1 + 1h 39' 35"
4Leon Scieur|BEL}} 1 + 1h 44' 58"
5Emile Masson|BEL}} 1 + 2h 56' 52"
6Louis Heusghem|BEL}} 1 + 3h 40' 47"
7Jean Rossius|BEL}} 1 + 3h 49' 55"
8Honore Barthelemy|FRA}} 1 + 5h 35' 19"
9Félix Goethals|FRA}} 1 + 9h 23' 07"
10Joseph Vandaele|BEL}} 1 + 10h 45' 41"

Notes

1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1920/histoire.html |title=1920 - 14th Tour de France |publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation |accessdate=12 June 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hYTvVbfv?url=http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/TDF/1920/us/annee.html?RaceYear=1920&x=64&y=5 |archivedate=15 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy-all }}
2. ^{{cite book|last=McGann|first=Bill|author2=McGann, Carol|title=The story of the Tour de France|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|year=2006|accessdate=8 June 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC|isbn=1-59858-180-5|pages=51–56}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Christopher S.|title=The Tour de France|publisher=University of California Press|year=2008|accessdate=12 June 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UpzzPqexF00C|isbn=0-520-25630-1|page=36}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last=McGann|first=Bill|author2=McGann, Carol|title=The story of the Tour de France|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|year=2006|accessdate=12 June 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC|isbn=1-59858-180-5|pages=56–57}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k292526m.image.r=%22Tour+de+France%22.f4.langEN|title=Cyclisme: Le Tour de France|date=27 June 1920|accessdate=10 August 2010|language=French|page=4|work=Le Figaro|publisher=Gallica Bibliothèque Numérique}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden/tourverhalen/1920--Philippe-Thys-vestigt-met-derde-Tourzege-een-uniek-record-502.html |language=Dutch |publisher=Tourdefrance.nl |date=19 March 2003 |accessdate=12 June 2009 |title=1920: Philippe Thys vestigt met derde Tourzege een uniek record |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hYUHNYTB?url=http://www.tourdefrance.nl/achtergronden/tourverhalen/1920--Philippe-Thys-vestigt-met-derde-Tourzege-een-uniek-record-502.html |archivedate=15 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1920_9.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222105244/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1920_9.php|archive-date=2012-02-22|access-date=28 October 2016|df=dmy-all|dead-url=yes|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|title=14ème Tour de France 1920 - 9ème étape|language=French}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1920.htm|title=Thys Makes It Three|author=Barry Boyce|publisher=Cycling Revealed|accessdate=12 June 2009}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://veloarchive.com/races/tour/1920.php|title=1920: Thys becomes the first triple winner|author=Tom James|date=15 August 2003|accessdate=11 June 2009|publisher=VeloArchive}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1920.php |publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme |title=14ème Tour de France 1920 |language=French |accessdate=10 June 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hQnQytZQ?url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1920.php |archivedate=10 June 2009 |df=dmy-all |dead-url=yes }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1920 |title=Tour de France GC top ten |author=Arian Zwegers |publisher=CVCC |accessdate=10 June 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hQnRPAvL?url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html |archivedate=10 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df= }}
12. ^In 1920, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate which stages included mountains.
13. ^After the first stage, Mottiat, Rossius, Thys, Goethals and Masson had the same time. Mottiat was ranked first because he had won the stage.
14. ^After the second stage, Mottiat, Rossius, Thys, Goethals and Masson had the same time. In some rankings, they share the lead, in other rankings, Thys is leading because he had the best stage rankings.
15. ^After the third stage, Rossius, Thys, Goethals and Masson had the same time. In some rankings, they share the lead, in other rankings, Thys is leading because he had the best stage rankings.
16. ^1 After the fourth and fifthstage, Thys and Masson had the same time. In some rankings, they share the lead, in other rankings, Thys is leading because he had the best stage rankings.

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Augendre|author-link=Jacques Augendre|url=http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|title=Guide historique|trans-title=Historical guide|year=2016|language=French|access-date=27 October 2016|format=PDF|work=Tour de France|location=Paris|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2016|dead-url=no|ref={{harvid|Augendre|2016}}}}

External links

{{commons category-inline|Tour de France 1920|1920 Tour de France}}{{Cycling stage recaps|1920 Tour de France|1|8|9|15}}{{Tour de France}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1920 Tour De France}}

6 : 1920 Tour de France|1920 in French sport|Tour de France by year|1920 in road cycling|June 1920 sports events|July 1920 sports events
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