| 词条 | Fluorescein (medical use) |
| 释义 |
| drug_name = Fluorescein | INN = | type = | IUPAC_name= Fluorescein sodium | image = Fluorescin in dropper.jpg | alt = | caption = Fluorescein drops being put in the eye before examination | synonyms = | pronounce = FLURE-a-seen | tradename = | Drugs.com = | MedlinePlus = | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_AU_comment = | pregnancy_US = | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = topical (eye drops), intravenous, by mouth | legal_AU = | legal_AU_comment = | legal_CA = | legal_DE = | legal_NZ = | legal_UK = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_UN = | legal_status = | bioavailability = | protein_bound = | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = | elimination_half-life = | duration_of_action = | excretion = | CAS_number = 2321-07-5 | class = | ATCvet = | ATC_prefix = S01 | ATC_suffix = JA01 | PubChem = 16850 | DrugBank = DB00693 | ChemSpiderID = 15968 | ChEBI = 31624 | ChEMBL = 1057 | UNII = TPY09G7XIR | KEGG = D01261 | chemical_formula = C20H10Na2O5 | molecular_weight = | smiles = c1ccc2c(c1)C(=O)OC23c4ccc(cc4Oc5c3ccc(c5)O)O | StdInChI = 1S/C20H12O5/c21-11-5-7-15-17(9-11)24-18-10-12(22)6-8-16(18)20(15)14-4-2-1-3-13(14)19(23)25-20/h1-10,21-22H | StdInChIKey = GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N }}Fluorescein is used to help in the diagnosis of a number of eye problems.[1] When applied as a drop or within a strip of paper to the surface of the eye it is used to help detect eye injuries such as foreign bodies and corneal abrasions.[1][3] When given by mouth or injection into a vein it is used to help evaluate the blood vessels in the back of the eye during fluorescein angiography.[1] When applied to the surface of the eye side effects may include a brief period of blurry vision and discoloration of contact lenses of the soft type.[2][1] When used by mouth or injection side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time.[1] Allergic reactions may rarely occur.[1] Fluorescein is a dye which is taken up by damaged cornea such that the area appears green under cobalt blue light.[3] There is also a version that comes premixed with lidocaine.[1] Fluorescein was first made in 1871.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[5] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$12.25 per 5 ml bottle.[6] In the United Kingdom a single dose costs the NHS about 0.43 pounds.[1] It is also not very expensive in the United States.[7] Other animalsIt is also sometimes administered to pets in multi-pet environments to determine which pet needs behavioral modification.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} References1. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|pages=769, 772|edition=69}} {{portal bar|Pharmacy and pharmacology|Medicine}}2. ^{{cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|date=2009|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9789241547659|page=314|url=http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16879e/s16879e.pdf|accessdate=8 January 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213060118/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s16879e/s16879e.pdf|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Duvall|first1=Brian|last2=Kershner|first2=Robert M.|title=Ophthalmic Medications and Pharmacology|date=2006|publisher=SLACK Incorporated|isbn=9781556427503|page=29|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=YsYi6dzIKKUC&pg=PA29|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118050803/https://books.google.ca/books?id=YsYi6dzIKKUC&pg=PA29|archivedate=2017-01-18|df=}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Bartlett|first1=Jimmy D.|last2=Jaanus|first2=Siret D.|title=Clinical Ocular Pharmacology|date=2008|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=0750675764|page=283|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Eybg7fbs65MC&pg=PA283|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118050759/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Eybg7fbs65MC&pg=PA283|archivedate=2017-01-18|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)|url=http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=8 December 2016|date=April 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213052708/http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/EML_2015_FINAL_amended_NOV2015.pdf?ua=1|archivedate=13 December 2016|df=}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Fluorescein|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1590&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|accessdate=8 December 2016}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=416}} 2 : World Health Organization essential medicines|RTT |
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