| 词条 | Folly Farm, Sulhamstead |
| 释义 |
HouseAround 1906, Lutyens extended the 17th-century, timbered cottage for H. H. Cochrane, using grey brick dressed with red brick and ashlar, in William and Mary style.[2] The addition is H-shaped. The interior of the H's centre, which aligns east-west, is occupied by a two-storey, neoclassical style hall, which Lutyens painted black. The original cottage, which Lutyens connected to the northwest corner of the new house, became a service wing.[4] Around 1912, Lutyens created the vernacular addition for new owners of the house, Zachary Merton and his wife Antonie,[5] who had both divorced from their former spouses to marry each other. Zachary Merton (born Zachary Moses) was a businessman and philanthropist.[6] His family had founded Metallgesellschaft in Germany and Henry R. Merton and Co. in Britain, which were among the leading metal trading companies of their respective countries.[7] Merton was a director and one of the largest shareholders of the British company.[8] Antonie had come to England from Germany with her previous husband, Hermann Schmiechen, a portrait painter.[9] She was a follower of theosophy, like Lutyens's wife Emily.[10] Lutyens built the vernacular addition in red brick, with tile-hanging and weatherboarding.[1] He extended the line of the centre of the existing H with a two-storey connecting wing, containing on each floor a corridor {{convert|50|ft}} long and {{convert|15|ft}} wide, leading to a much larger, new west wing, aligned north-south.[4] The west wing's south end features a large bay window on each floor.[11] At ground level, the south end contains a neoclassical dining room with a huge fireplace,[4] as high as the room.[10] Above the dining room, the main bedroom has a sleeping balcony (for outside sleeping), built over arches, on its west side.[11] On the east side, there is an L-shaped cloister with buttressed arches running alongside the dining room and along the south side of the connecting corridor,[4] bordering two sides of the Tank Court and its rectangular pool.[3] The service quarters moved to the new wing, with a circular dairy attached to its northern end. The original cottage became a billiard room.[4] Zachary Merton died in 1915.[2] Antonie Merton allowed Lutyens and his family to spend the summer of 1916 at Folly Farm,[10] where they entertained Jekyll,[5] the playwright Edward Knoblock and the painters William Nicholson and his wife Mabel Pryde. Nicholson painted a mural in the dining room during his stay.[10] During World War II, the house served as a maternity hospital, then reverted to private ownership.[2] The British celebrity cook Keith Floyd (1942 - 2009) was born at Folly Farm on 28 December 1943[12]{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=April 2018}}. GardensThe formal gardens extend to the south and west of the house, with lawns beyond.[2] In 1906, Lutyens and Jekyll turned the area around the original cottage and its barn into a series of walled courts.[3] To the south of the house, they created a walled kitchen garden and a rhododendron walk. The latter, running south along the eastern side of the gardens, has subsequently been replaced by a lime walk leading to a White Garden.[2] In 1912 they placed a canal garden, with a long rectangular pool, to the south of the earlier William and Mary addition. Between the new west wing and the kitchen garden, they positioned a parterre garden, and to the west of that, a sunken rose garden. Tank Court, with its cloister and pool, has been called "probably Lutyens's {{lang|fr|pièce de résistance}} in garden architecture".[3] The 18th-century thatched barn, the kitchen garden and some Lutyen-designed cottages of {{circa|1912}} are all Grade II listed.[2] Notes1. ^1 {{NHLE |num=1135848 |desc=Folly Farmhouse and entrance court to east |accessdate=23 January 2016 }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{NHLE |num=1000585 |desc=Folly Farm |accessdate=23 January 2016 |fewer-links=x}} 3. ^1 2 3 Brown (1982), pp. 93–5. 4. ^1 2 3 4 Gradidge (1981), pp. 60–2. 5. ^1 Brown (1996), pp. 180–3. 6. ^{{cite journal |title=Patrick Anthony Merton. 8 October 1920 – 13 June 2000 |date=1 December 2006 |last1=Rothwell |first1=John |last2=Glynn |first2=Ian |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |volume=52 |pages=189–201 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.2006.0014}} 7. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url =https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0014_0_13713.html |title=Merton |last=Berman |first=Morton Mayer |encyclopedia=Jewish Virtual Library |publisher=American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise |accessdate=28 January 2016 }} 8. ^{{cite news |title=News in Brief. The Late Mr Z. Merton |newspaper=The Times |location=London |date=8 December 1915 |page=12 }} 9. ^Brown (1996), p. 106. 10. ^1 2 3 Ridley (2002), pp. 266–7. 11. ^1 Gradidge (1981), pp. 142–3. 12. ^Keith Floyd References
External links{{Commonscat|Folly Farm, Sulhamstead}}
9 : Arts and Crafts architecture in England|Grade I listed buildings in Berkshire|Grade I listed houses|Country houses in Berkshire|Houses completed in 1912|Works of Edwin Lutyens|Grade II* listed parks and gardens in Berkshire|Arts and Crafts gardens|Gardens by Gertrude Jekyll |
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