词条 | 1929 Rye Cove tornado outbreak | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = 1929 Rye Cove, Virginia tornado outbreak | image = | alt = | caption = | type = Tornado outbreak | active = May 1–2, 1929 | lowest pressure = | lowest temperature = | tornadoes = 14 | fujitascale = F3 | tornado duration = 30 hours, 25 minutes | highest winds = | hail = | gusts = | maximum snow = | power outages = | total fatalities = ≥ 42 fatalities, ≥ 323 injuries | damages = Unknown | affected = Central and Eastern United States | current advisories = | enhanced = | notes = }} The 1929 Rye Cove, Virginia tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak{{#tag:ref|An outbreak is generally defined as a group of at least six tornadoes (the number sometimes varies slightly according to local climatology) with no more than a six-hour gap between individual tornadoes. An outbreak sequence, prior to (after) modern records that began in 1950, is defined as, at most, two (one) consecutive days without at least one significant (F2 or stronger) tornado.[1]|group="nb"}}{{#tag:ref|All damage totals are in 1929 United States dollars unless otherwise noted.|group="nb"}} that swept from southwest to northeast along the Appalachian Mountains from Oklahoma to Maryland in early May 1929. This outbreak, which killed at least 42 people and injured at least 323,[2] is notable as one of the worst to affect the states of Maryland and Virginia. It is also one of the most intense tornado outbreaks to affect Appalachia. The F2 tornado that struck Rye Cove, Virginia, is the deadliest tornado in Virginia history[3][4] and tied for the thirteenth-deadliest to hit a school in the United States, with all 13 deaths in a school building.[5] Western Virginia was particularly hard hit, with additional tornadoes confirmed in Alleghany, Bath, Culpeper, Fauquier and Loudoun Counties. One of these tornadoes, near Culpeper, also destroyed a school, but the storm struck during the evening after classes had been dismissed for the day. {{clear}}Confirmed tornadoes{{Tornado Chart Pre-1950| Total = 17| F? = 3| F0 = ?| F1 = ?| F2 = 9| F3 = 5| F4 = 0| F5 = 0}}{{clear}}May 1
May 2
Notable tornadoesRye Cove, VirginiaAt 12:55 p.m. local time, students attending Rye Cove High School, {{convert|6|mi|km|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} northeast of Clinchport (also {{convert|15|mi|km|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} northwest of Gate City), were resuming class after recess when a strong thunderstorm approached from the southwest.[2][8] The storm produced a tornado, described as a dark cloud,[9] that touched down {{convert|.5|mi|km|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} southwest of the school.[8] As it approached the school, the tornado intensified and tore the roofs off many structures. Strong winds lofted lumber for hundreds of yards, leaving pieces lodged in trees.[8] Next to the school, the tornado struck a log home dating to about the 1850s, carrying away the entire structure and dispersing furniture up to {{convert|4|mi|km|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} away.[9] A teacher at the school heard the wind increasing outside but did not alert her students.[8] The tornado then struck the school, which was the fourth-largest in Scott County[9] and served 250 students, about 155 of which were in the building at the time.[8][9] The building—which contained seven rooms, was of wood frame construction, and stood on a limestone foundation—collapsed[8] and "exploded,"[9] flinging debris over a wide area. Winds moved the bodies of the dead up to {{convert|75|yd|m|sigfig=2|lk=on}} from the foundation.[9] The tornado continued past the school, destroying a total of five farmhouses before lifting,[2] and reached a width of {{convert|.25|mi|km|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}.[9] All of the 13 deaths—12 students and one teacher—occurred at the school. Total losses reached $100,000.[2] The legacy of the tornado lived on in local folklore as A. P. Carter of the Carter Family, having visited the storm-stricken area and assisted in relief efforts, immediately recorded a song about the storm.[10] {{clear}}See also
References1. ^{{cite web|last=Schneider|first=Russell S.|title=Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875-2003)|url=http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/schneider/otbrkseq.pdf|publisher=Storm Prediction Center|accessdate=2 February 2015|first2=Harold E. |last2=Brooks|first3=Joseph T. |last3=Schaefer|location=Norman, Oklahoma}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 {{harvnb|Grazulis|1993|p=826}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Grazulis |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Grazulis |first2=Doris |title=VIRGINIA: Tornadoes causing three or more deaths |url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/worstts.htm#VA |publisher=The Tornado Project |accessdate=26 February 2014 |date=26 April 2000 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6fh9gLEFL?url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/worstts.htm |archivedate=2 March 2016 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=McDaid|first1=Jennifer Davis|title=Rye Cove Cyclone |url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Rye_Cove_Cyclone#contrib|website=encylopediavirginia.org |publisher=Virginia Foundation for the Humanities|accessdate=14 December 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Grazulis|first1=Thomas P.|last2=Grazulis|first2=Doris|title=The Ten Worst Tornado-Related Disasters In Schools|url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/topten3.htm|website=tornadoproject.com|publisher=The Tornado Project|accessdate=24 January 2015|location=Danville, Vermont}} 6. ^1 2 {{harvnb|Henry|1929|p=216}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Watson|first1=Barbara M.|date=7 January 2008|editor-last=Sammler|editor-first=Bill|title=Tornado History: Virginia Tornadoes|url=http://www.vaemergency.gov/news/history/tornado|website=vaemergency.gov|publisher=Virginia Department of Emergency Management|accessdate=24 January 2015|location=Richmond, Virginia}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|title=The Cyclone of Rye Cove: Twister Wrecks Rye Cove School|publisher=Kingsport Times|date=May 2, 1929|location=Kingsport, Tennessee}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|title=Thirteen Killed When Tornado Destroys Rye Cove High School Building Thursday Afternoon|publisher=Scott County News|date=May 9, 1929}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Deathly Lyrics: "The Cyclone of Rye Cove"|url=http://www.blueridgeinstitute.org/ballads/ryecove.html|website=blueridgeinstitute.org|publisher=Blue Ridge Institute & Museum|accessdate=24 January 2015|location=Ferrum, Virginia}} Bibliography
Notes{{Reflist|group=nb}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1929 Rye Cove, Virginia Tornado Outbreak}} 10 : F3 tornadoes|Tornadoes of 1929|Tornadoes in Kentucky|Tornadoes in Maryland|Tornadoes in Tennessee|Tornadoes in Virginia|Tornadoes in West Virginia|1929 in Virginia|1929 natural disasters in the United States|May 1929 events |
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