| 词条 | Fort Bute |
| 释义 |
| name = Fort Bute | location = British West Florida, now East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana | image = West Florida Map 1767.jpg | caption = British West Florida in 1767 | coordinates = {{coord|30|19|25|N|91|8|13|W|type:landmark_region:US-LA}} | built = {{Start date|1776}} | builder = Kingdom of Great Britain | demolished = 1779 | events = Capture of Fort Bute Gulf Coast campaign | locmapin = Louisiana | pushpin_label = Fort Bute | map_caption = Location of Fort Bute }}Fort Bute (1766-1779) was a colonial fort built by the British in 1766 to protect the confluence of Bayou Manchac with the Mississippi River and was named in honor of the Earl of Bute. Fort Bute was located on Bayou Manchac, about 115 miles (185 km) up the Mississippi River from New Orleans, on the far western border of British West Florida. It was one of the three outposts maintained by the British in the lower Mississippi along with Fort Panmure and the Baton Rouge outpost.[1] Passage to MobileOn October 20, 1763, Major Robert Farmar of the Thirty-fourth Regiment and Commander of His Britannic Majesty's troops declared that all of the inhabitants of West Florida were subjects of England.[2] The British led by Colonel Taylor began clearing out the Iberville River and building a path from British West Florida to the "14th British colony" of Mobile. Captain James Campbell along with 50 African slaves cleared a channel to the Mississippi River.[3] It was during this time that Major Robert Farmar planned to build Fort Bute for protecting the workers and local settlers.[4] Fort constructionIn the year 1765 construction materials and an engineer named Archibald Robertson from Pensacola arrived in Bayou Manchac. Archibald Robertson supervised the planning and construction of Fort Bute. The fort consisted of a single Blockhouse surrounded by a stockade. The fort was designed to hold up to 200 men with a single officers quarters.[5] Capture of Fort ButeOn September 3, 1779 Colonel Alexander Dickson removed nearly all the troops from the fort leaving only 23 soldiers at the fort.[6] The troops were ordered to march to the Baton Rouge outpost. Bernardo de Gálvez, the Governor of Spanish Luisiana and Commander of the troops of the Catholic Majesty gathered 1427 militiamen consisting of 600 multinational settlers and 160 Native Americans and 667 Spaniard infantrymen.[7] Gálvez slowly marched his troops towards Bayou Manchac through the muddy swamp at nine miles each day. The Spanish arrived at Fort Bute 11 days after beginning the march. At dawn on September 7, 1779 the Spanish captured Fort Bute with no casualties. One British Captain, one Lieutenant and eighteen soldiers were taken as prisoners. Three British soldiers ran away from the battle and fled towards Baton Rouge.[8] References1. ^{{cite book|author=Public Archives of Canada|title=Rapport sur les archives du Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fp0-AAAAYAAJ&pg=RA4-PA43|year=1884|publisher=Imprimerie Maclean, Roger et Cie|pages=4–}} {{coord|30|19|25|N|91|08|13|W|scale:10000_source:GNIS|display=title}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fort Bute}}2. ^{{cite book|author=Rose Meyers|title=A History of Baton Rouge, 1699--1812|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvt8XrCzlwQC&pg=PA23|date=1 March 1999|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=978-0-8071-2431-4|pages=22–}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Rose Meyers|title=A History of Baton Rouge, 1699--1812|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvt8XrCzlwQC&pg=PA23|date=1 March 1999|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=978-0-8071-2431-4|pages=23–}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Dunbar Rowland|title=Mississippi: Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in Cyclopedic Form|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fExAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA301|year=1907|publisher=Southern Historical Publishing Association|pages=301–}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Rose Meyers|title=A History of Baton Rouge, 1699--1812|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvt8XrCzlwQC&pg=PA23|date=1 March 1999|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=978-0-8071-2431-4|pages=23–}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Alcée Fortier|title=Louisiana: Comprising Sketches of Parishes, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in Cyclopedic Form|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA414|year=1914|publisher=Century historical association|pages=414–}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Gonzalo M. Quintero Saravia|title=Bernardo de Gálvez: Spanish Hero of the American Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9VSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149|date=23 March 2018|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-1-4696-4080-8|pages=149–}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Thomas E. Chavez|title=Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cCbhQZFdZlYC&pg=PA171|year=2004|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0-8263-2794-9|pages=171–}} 15 : Louisiana in the American Revolution|Battles involving Great Britain|Battles of the Anglo-Spanish War (1779–1783)|Battles involving Spain|1779 in the United States|Conflicts in 1779|East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana|Colonial forts in Louisiana|British forts in the United States|British-American culture in Louisiana|Pre-statehood history of Louisiana|Military installations established in 1766|1766 establishments in the British Empire|Military installations closed in 1779|1779 disestablishments in the Spanish Empire |
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