| 词条 | Fortifications of Vitré | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Fortifications of Vitré | native_name = | native_language = | other_name = | image = Vitr%C3%A9_-_Tour_de_la_Bridolle_20150221-02.jpg | caption = Tour de la Bridole | type = | locmapin = | coordinates = | etymology = | location = {{comma separated entries|1=|2=Brittany|3=France}} | nearest_city = Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine | area = | elevation = | height = | beginning_label = Established | beginning_date = | formed = | founded = | founder = | built = 1220–1591 (original fortifications) | built_for = Baron André III | original_use = | demolished = 19th c. (south ramparts) | rebuilt = 19th, 20th, 21st c. | restored = | restored_by = | current_use = | architect = | sculptor = | architecture = Military | visitors_num = | visitors_year = | visitors_ref = | governing_body = Monument Historique | owner = | year of event = | events = | website = | designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_date = January 15th, 2014 | designation1_number = | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_date = | designation2_number = }} The ramparts of Vitré are the fortifications built between the 13th and 17th centuries to protect the town of Vitré and Brittany against the French Kingdom. The city was located near the Breton border, near Maine, Anjou and Normandy. They cover an area of 8 hectares with a length of 500 m long and 200 m width. The fortifications of the thirteenth century are the best preserved in Brittany. SituationThe ramparts follow the contours of the rocky plateau where the Château de Vitré and the urban nucleus developing around the Church of Notre-Dame [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Notre-Dame_de_Vitr%C3%A9] are built. The construction of the ramparts was made according to the defensive strengths and constraints of the relief. The town is located on a plateau with very deep valleys. To the north flows the river Vilaine where there was a pond, swamps and a very high talus of 30 meters. The views over the landscape were excellent. In the south, the depression created by Vernouzet [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernouzet] stream was an additional protection. The defensive fragility was to the east, direction from Laval and the French Kingdom, because access was so easy. Vitré is located in the Armorican Massif, at the interface of zones of beige sandstone, and schists (argillites, black micaceous siltites, locally with ferruginous oolites). The ramparts are built with these materials available on the place. As a consequence, the exploitation of the stone has allowed the creation of large ditches to the south and east of the intramuros city of the order of 12 m (39 ft.) depth and a width of 20 m (66 ft.). A small supermarket in the rue de la Borderie has two levels of basement up to the level of the old ditches and illustrates these dimensions. The inventory of the Baronnie de Vitré in 1681 testifies to the presence of springs and fountains in the moat, exploited by the inhabitants of the faubourgs for laundry, orchards and gardens. HistoryThe ramparts were built in 1240 by Baron Andrew III and reinforced with the development of artillery in the 15th century. Vitré was a Protestant city, rich and prosperous. But during the religious wars, attacks by the Catholic leagues destroyed a part of the towers and ramparts east of the ancient city. At the end of the 16th century, a bastion was built in 1591. The fortifications were destroyed in the south in the 19th century to connect the old town with the modern neighborhood. The Gare de Vitré arrived in 1857. In 1987, the Tour des Claviers was discovered during the construction of a residential building. The old town is classified as a "remarkable heritage site" and the town borough engages in the renovation of this ramparts (Tour de la Bridole). All fortifications have been classified "historical monuments" on January 15, 2014.[1] The remains of walls and towers are the most outstanding to the north and east of the intramuros of Vitré, along the Promenade du Val with exceptional point of view. Plan of fortifications
GalleryReferences1. ^{{Base Mérimée|PA00090906}} Enceinte urbaine fortifiée
8 : Urban planning in France|Military history of France|Buildings and structures in France|City walls in France|City walls|Monuments historiques of Ille-et-Vilaine|Tourist attractions in Brittany|Vitré |
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