| 词条 | Fort Sedgwick |
| 释义 |
| name = Fort Sedgwick | settlement_type = U.S. military post | image_skyline = Fort Sedgwick 1870 Anton Schonborn.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Anton Schonborn, Fort Sedgwick, 1870 | etymology = | nickname = Post at Julesburg, Camp Rankin, and Fort Rankin | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Colorado | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Site of historic marker for Fort Sedgwick on South Platte Trail | coordinates = {{Coord|40|56|20|N|102|22|42|W|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Colorado | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Sedgwick | subdivision_type3 = City | subdivision_name3 = Sedgwick | established_date = | founder = | leader_name = | unit_pref = US | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_acre = | length_mi = | width_mi = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = }}Fort Sedgwick, also known as Post at Julesburg, Camp Rankin, and Fort Rankin was a U.S. military post from 1864 to 1871 was located in Sedgwick in Sedgwick County, Colorado. There is a historical marker for the former post.[1][2] The town was named for Fort Sedgwick, which was named after John Sedgwick, who was a Major General in the Union Army during the American Civil War.[3] HistoryIn 1864, there was an increase in skirmishes with Native Americans from the Plains. As a result, in 1864 Camp Rankin was established near Julesburg with a couple of sod huts. It was renamed for an American Civil War hero, Major General John Sedgwick. It grew to a full-blown military installation.[4] By 1866, it had three sets of company quarters, stables, and a corral.[5] The U.S. militia guarded the Overland Stage Route (South Platte Trail), stage stations, and the telegraph line.[6] Fort Sedgwick was one mile west of Julesburg, south of the South Platte River. The site is now {{convert|7.5|mi|km}} southwest of the present Julesburg location.[4] Fort Sedgwick and Julesburg were attacked on January 7, 1865 by about 1,000 Cheyenne and Sioux men in retribution for the Sand Creek massacre (November 29, 1864).[8] At the fort, several Native Americans and some soldiers were killed, and there was so much food looted from Julesburg that it took three days to remove it to their village at Cherry Creek[5][8] or Sand Creek.[6] There were further attacks in 1865 between Julesburg and Fort Morgan, including burning down the town of Julesburg in February. The town was rebuilt.[7] Upon orders by General William Tecumseh Sherman, George Armstrong Custer and six companies of the 7th Cavalry Regiment came to Colorado in June 1867 to stop attacks along the South Platte and Smoky Hill Trails, searching near Fort Sedgwick and part-way to Fort Wallace for Native Americans. A detachment was also sent to Fort Wallace on the Smoky Hill Trail to get supplies. On their return, they were able to defend themselves against an overwhelming force. In the meantime, 35 soldiers deserted upon hearing of newly discovered mines.[8] Custer went in search of a group of men that were delayed in bringing a dispatch from General Sherman to him, and he found the evidence of the Kidder Massacre (June 26, 1867) near the present- day Bird City, Kansas.[9] Records from the time show that due to the area's lifestyle and the mixture of peacemaking and instigating behaviors by the soldiers, life at the post was a "saga of fraud and corruption, bravery and daring-do…triumph and tragedy…where conditions were considered unlivable, pleasures were few and the nearest bath was the South Platte River."[10] The post was abandoned in May 1871[5][4] and the buildings were dismantled. The soldiers at the cemetery were reburied at the Fort McPherson National Cemetery in Nebraska.[11] Fort Sedgwick's history is told at the Fort Sedgwick Museum in Julesburg.[12] In 1940, the Julesburg Historical Society established a monument on the eastern edge of Ovid on Highway 138. It is located 1.25 miles north of the site of the fort.[13] A historical marker was established along County Road 28.[1] References1. ^1 {{cite book|author=Jolie Anderson Gallagher|title=Colorado Forts: Historic Outposts on the Wild Frontier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqJ2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT11|date=April 2, 2013|publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated|isbn=978-1-61423-903-1|page=PT11}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.northamericanforts.com/West/co.html#huerfano |title=Colorado forts - Fort Huerfano|accessdate=June 6, 2018|author1=Phil Payette|author2=Pete Payette|publisher=American Forts Network}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Exploring Colorado Highways: Trip Trivia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3YAfcwzcfGEC&pg=PA106|year=2007|publisher=Exploring America's Highway|isbn=978-0-9777301-0-0|page=106}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|author=Susan Badger Doyle|title=Journeys to the Land of Gold: Emigrant Diaries from the Bozeman Trail, 1863-1866|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5DoMf1Uq-tMC&pg=PA751|year=2000|publisher=Montana Historical Society|isbn=978-0-917298-48-6|page=751}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Jerry Keenan|title=The Terrible Indian Wars of the West: A History from the Whitman Massacre to Wounded Knee, 1846-1890|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgQXDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA166|date=April 12, 2016|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-9940-3|pages=166–167}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Angie Debo|title=A History of the Indians of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWH9e5ieEHEC&pg=PA196|date=April 17, 2013|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-7955-1|page=196}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Jean Gray|title=Homesteading Haxtun and the High Plains: Northeastern Colorado History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Yt_CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT12|date=June 11, 2013|publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated|isbn=978-1-61423-967-3|page=PT12}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|author=Lawrence A. Frost|title=Custer Legends|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BwTeXxNhvUC&pg=PA80|year=1981|publisher=Popular Press|isbn=978-0-87972-180-0|pages=79–81}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Jeff Barnes|title=The Great Plains Guide to Custer: 85 Forts, Fights & Other Sites|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1IIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56|year=2012|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=978-0-8117-0836-4|pages=56–57}} 10. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.rivertrailonline.org/byway-map |title=Byway Map |website=South Platte River Trail |access-date=June 9, 2018}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Jeff Barnes|title=The Great Plains Guide to Custer: 85 Forts, Fights & Other Sites|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R1IIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55|year=2012|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=978-0-8117-0836-4|page=55}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite book|author=Stan Hoig|title=A Travel Guide to the Plains Indian Wars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bUueslAlbN8C&pg=PA149|year=2006|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0-8263-3934-8|page=149}} 13. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://legacy.historycolorado.org/sites/default/files/files/Researchers/ColoradoMagazine_v47n3_Summer1970.pdf|title=Tales Told with Markers|magazine=Colorado Magazine|date= Summer 1970 | pages=191 |accessdate=June 9, 2018 }} Further reading
2 : Forts in Colorado|Sedgwick County, Colorado |
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