| 词条 | Frances Pleasonton |
| 释义 |
| name = Frances Pleasonton | workplaces = Oak Ridge National Laboratory | alma_mater = Bryn Mawr College | known_for = Neutron decay }} Frances Pleasonton (1912–1990) was a Particle Physicist at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. She was an active teacher and researcher, and a member of the team who first demonstrated neutron decay in 1951. Early life and educationPleasonton earned her Bachelor's degree at Bryn Mawr College.[1] She was an editor of the Bryn Mawr College yearbook.[2] She went on to teach at Winsor School, Girls Latin School of Chicago and Brearley School.[1] She returned to Bryn Mawr College for her Master's degree, working as a Warden at Pembroke East, and graduated in 1943.[1][3] She was demonstrator-elect in physics and took a leave of absence for government service in 1942.[3] During her Master's degree she identified the crystal structure of Rochelle salt.[4] ResearchPleasonton was an active researcher in neutron decay.[5] There were several attempts to measure neutron half-life before the second world war, all of which failed due to the lack of availability of intense neutron sources.[5] Arthur Snell and Leonard Miller built the Oak Ridge Graphite Reactor, which could focus beams of neutrons and allow scientists to observe their decay.[5] They measured the half-life of a neutron in 1951.[6] Pleasonton was supported by the United States Atomic Energy Commission and published broadly.[7][8][9] In 1958 they examined the decay of helium-6, Pleasonton and Snell monitoring the directions of neutrinos and electrons.[10] This result confirmed the electron-neutrino theory of beta decay.[6] In 1973 she authored several sections of the report for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.[11] At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Pleasonton's laboratory was visited by the Queen of Greece and the King of Jordan.[10] Pleasonton went on to study the ionisation of xenon x-rays.[12] Pleasonton remained in Tennessee after her retirement from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and was involved in citizens groups to protect the environment.[13] References1. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=No7saMU0OiEC&q=%22frances+pleasonton%22&dq=%22frances+pleasonton%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYpZmxoaHcAhXGDZoKHW9jAdY4ChDoAQgzMAM|title=Bryn Mawr College Calendar|last=College|first=Bryn Mawr|date=1944|publisher=Bryn Mawr College|language=en}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pleasonton, Frances}}2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://repository.brynmawr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.gr/&httpsredir=1&article=1028&context=bmc_yearbooks|title=Bryn Mawr College Yearbook. Class of 1934|last=|first=|date=|website=Bryn Mawr College|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-06-15}} 3. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/brynmawrcalendar3637bryn|title=Bryn Mawr College Calendar, 1943-1944|last=Bryn Mawr College|date=1944|publisher=Bryn Mawr, PA: Bryn Mawr College|others=Special Collections Bryn Mawr College Library}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://aapt.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1119/1.1990525|title=A Model of the Structure of Rochelle Salt|last=Pleasonton|first=Frances|date=1944|website=American Journal of Physics|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-07-15}} 5. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.ornl.gov/blog/ornl-review/short-life-neutron|title=The short life of a neutron {{!}} ORNL|website=www.ornl.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-07-15}} 6. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://tp.quelta.com.ua/shop5/index.php?productID=769|title=History of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Achievements in Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics – Discovery of America by Queltanews - Technopark QUELTA|website=tp.quelta.com.ua|access-date=2018-07-15}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pleasonton|first=Frances|last2=Snell|first2=A. H.|date=1957-08-07|title=Ionization following internal conversion in xenon|url=http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/241/1225/141|journal=Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A|language=en|volume=241|issue=1225|pages=141–152|doi=10.1098/rspa.1957.0119|issn=0080-4630|bibcode=1957RSPSA.241..141P}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://scinapse.io/papers/2016511509|title=Fragment-mass and kinetic-energy distributions from the spontaneous fission of $sup 246$Cm {{!}} Sci-napse {{!}} Academic search engine for paper|work=Scinapse|access-date=2018-07-15|language=en}} 9. ^{{Cite journal|date=1973-10-15|title=Prompt γ-rays emitted in the thermal-neutron induced fission of 233U and 239Pu|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0375947473901619|journal=Nuclear Physics A|language=en|volume=213|issue=2|pages=413–425|doi=10.1016/0375-9474(73)90161-9|issn=0375-9474|bibcode=1973NuPhA.213..413P}} 10. ^1 {{Cite journal|date=1962-08-01|title=The half-life of He6|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0029558262902882|journal=Nuclear Physics|language=en|volume=37|pages=529–534|doi=10.1016/0029-5582(62)90288-2|issn=0029-5582|bibcode=1962NucPh..37..529B}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4469547|title=Report to the US Nuclear Data Committee|last=Perey|first=F. G.|date=1973|website=OSTI|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-07-15}} 12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.gr/books?id=IggEAAAAIAAJ&q=%22frances+pleasonton%22&dq=%22frances+pleasonton%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYpZmxoaHcAhXGDZoKHW9jAdY4ChDoAQglMAA|title=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Mathematical and physical sciences|date=1957|publisher=Harrison and Son|language=en}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://trace.utk.edu/islandora/object/utk.ir.tcwp%3A563/datastream/PDF/download/citation.pdf|title=TENNESSEE CITIZENS FOR WILDERNESS PLANNING|last=|first=|date=1981-11-09|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-07-15}} 10 : 1912 births|1990 deaths|Particle physicists|American women scientists|20th-century American physicists|Bryn Mawr College alumni|Bryn Mawr College faculty|Women physicists|20th-century women scientists|Oak Ridge National Laboratory people |
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