| 词条 | Francisco Barnés Salinas |
| 释义 |
| name = Francisco José Barnés Salinas | image = Francisco Barnés Salinas.png | caption = | office = Minister of Public Instruction | term_start = 12 June 1933 | term_end = 12 September 1933 | predecessor = Fernando de los Ríos Urruti | successor = Domingo Barnés Salinas | office2 = Minister of Public Instruction | term_start2 = 15 May 1936 | term_end2 = 19 July 1936 | predecessor2 = Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán | successor2 = Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán | office3 = Minister of Public Instruction | term_start3 = 19 July 1936 | term_end3 = 4 September 1936 | predecessor3 = Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán | successor3 = Jesús Hernández Tomás | birth_date = 1877 | birth_place = Seville, Spain | death_date = 1947 | death_place = Mexico City, Mexico | nationality = Spanish | other_names = | occupation = Professor, politician }} Francisco José Barnés Salinas (1877–1947) was a Spanish professor and Left Republican politician. He was Minister of Public Instruction and the Arts during the Second Spanish Republic. After the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) he went into exile in Mexico, where he died. Early yearsFrancisco Barnés was born in Seville in 1877. He attended secondary school and studied Philosophy and Literature in Seville. In 1900 he was appointed catedrático (professor) by the Institute of Geography and History, and taught at the schools in Pamplona and Ávila.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=128}} He was attached to the ideals of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=127}} Barnés married Dorotea González de la Calle, daughter of a well-known professor Urbano González Serrano. They had several children, of whom the youngest were Angelita and Juan.{{sfn|Zulueta|2000|p=72}} In 1920 Francisco Barnés joined the Instituto-Escuela, where he taught until 1936 when the Institute was closed due to the Spanish Civil War (1936–39).{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=128}} He implemented various pedagogical innovations at the institute.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=127}} Political careerBarnés was active in the Republican Left party. When the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed he was a deputy in the 1931 Constituent Assembly.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=128}} He was appointed a member of the Board of Trustees of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza by ministerial order on 6 August 1931. Manuel Bartolomé Cossío was president. The board selected young teachers to undertake educational missions in the most remote and isolated villages of Spain. They were carefully selected for their ability to create relaxed and friendly but serious relationships with the villagers, to avoid shocking them in any way while introducing them to modern culture.{{sfn|Braster|Simon|Grosvenor|2014|p=208}} Barnés was appointed Minister of Public Instruction in the government of Manuel Azaña in June 1933.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=128}} Barnés was Minister of Public Instruction from 12 June 1933 to 12 September 1933. He succeeded Fernando de los Ríos Urruti and was succeeded by his brother, Domingo Barnés Salinas.{{sfn|Bolado Somolinos|1975|p=127}} While Minister in 1933 he and his successors, his brother Domingo Barnés and then José Pareja Yébenes, were responsible for formulating the law that excluded religious organizations from teaching, and created secular public schools to replace the religious schools. This was enshrined in the constitution.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=128}} Barnés was again appointed Minister of Public Instruction in the government of Santiago Casares Quiroga in May 1936 and of José Giral in June 1936. Until this last appointment he continued to teach at the Instituto-Escuela.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=128}} He replaced Marcelino Domingo Sanjuán as Minister of Public Instruction on 15 May 1936. For one day on 19 July 1936 at the outbreak of the civil war he was replaced by Domingo Sanjuán, then returned to office, which he held until 4 September 1936. He was replaced by Jesús Hernández Tomás.{{sfn|Bolado Somolinos|1975|p=127}} Hernández Tomás was a militant communist who launched reforms that treated education as a social function.{{sfn|Bolado Somolinos|1975|p=128}} Later careerAfter leaving office in September 1936 Barnés generally avoided political office from fear of the safety of his wife and son, who had stayed in Ávila in the rebel zone when the civil war broke out. He accepted the position of inspector of the war front after the death in battle of his youngest son, Juan. He undertook some diplomatic missions for the government. He was appointed consul in Algiers in August 1937, and then consul in Gibraltar a year later.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=128}} The damaged Republican destroyer José Luis Díez took refuge in Gibraltar in late August 1938.{{sfn|Alberca|2014|p=118}} Barnés had difficulty obtaining permission from the British authorities for the sailors to disembark, which was only allowed under tight restrictions, and repairs had to be made clandestinely. The ship made an attempt to escape on 31 December 1938, then was interned at Gibraltar for the duration of the war.{{sfn|Alberca|2014|p=119}} After the civil war Barnés sailed from France to Mexico in the Nyassa.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=128}} While in exile he became a professor at El Colegio de México. He helped create the Chapultepec Museum in Mexico City. Francisco Barnés Salinas died in Mexico City in 1947.{{sfn|Martínez Alfaro|2011|p=129}} Notes{{notes}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|last=Alberca|first=Julio Ponce|title=Gibraltar and the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39: Local, National and International Perspectives |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B3keBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA119|accessdate=2015-08-25 |date=2014-11-20|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4725-3108-7}}
|last=Bolado Somolinos|first=Jose Manuel|title=Revista de educación |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=HDUXqmg34rMC&pg=PA127|accessdate=2015-08-25 |year=1975|publisher=Ministerio de Educación|chapter=Del Ministerio de Instrucción Pública y Bellas Artes a la Cartera de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. 100 Minostros para un centenario. |issn=0034-8082}}
|last1=Braster|first1=Sjaak|last2=Simon|first2=Frank|last3=Grosvenor|first3=Ian|title=A History of Popular Education: Educating the People of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMboBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA208|accessdate=2015-08-25 |date=2014-10-20|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-84995-7}}
|last=Martínez Alfaro|first=Encarnación |title=Francisco Barnés en la memoria de sus antiguos alumnos |accessdate=2015-08-25}}
|last=Zulueta|first=Carmen de|title=La España que pudo ser: memorias de una institucionista republicana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgLlHLrPnkAC&pg=PA72|accessdate=2015-08-25 |year=2000|publisher=EDITUM|isbn=978-84-8371-157-6}}{{refend}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Barnes Salinas, Francisco Jose}} 11 : 1877 births|1947 deaths|People from Seville|Radical Socialist Republican Party politicians|Republican Left (Spain) politicians|Spanish Ministers of Education|Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic|Andalusian politicians|Spanish diplomats|Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)|Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。