| 词条 | Fred Hammill |
| 释义 |
Frederick Parkin Hammill (4 May 1856 - 8 July 1901) was a British trade union activist, and a co-founder of the Independent Labour Party. CareerKnown generally as "Fred", Hammill was born in Leeds on 4 May 1856, trained as an engineer, and moved to London to work at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, where he became a well-known labour activist and trade unionist. Hammill spoke in defence of John Burns in trials after the 1887 Trafalgar Square Riot, was active in the London Trades Council (seconding Burns's support for the 1891 Scottish rail strike)[1] and in the TUC, and he would speak indoors and outdoors to crowds of up to 6,000 people.[2] He joined the Fabian Society in the early 1890s.[3] In 1891 Hammill organised a strike of London bus and tram workers on pay and hours, and he was one of the founders of the Independent Labour Party.[4] In 1893 he spoke at a demonstration and rally in Trafalgar Square on workers’ rights. Strongly associated with Tom Mann and with Will Crooks' Poplar-based Labour movement, Hammill helped establish the Woolwich ILP in 1894, with Robert Banner.[5] In 1894, Hammill became a full-time organiser for the Fabian Society in Durham.[6] A member of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE), in July 1895 Hammill was the first socialist to stand for election to parliament as an ILP candidate in Newcastle.[7] Unsuccessful, he changed tack to run a pub (The Swan in Topcliffe in Yorkshire),[8] for which he was criticised politically.[9] He was elected to the Thirsk Rural District Council in 1901.[10] He died on 8 July 1901 from influenza, aged 45 years. Personal lifeWhen Fred Hammill was a child, his family lived in a pub (the Grey Mare Inn, 132 Low Road, Hunslet) in Leeds, run by his father Thomas.[11] Hammill married Ada Peel (9 July 1860 – c. Feb 1940) and they had three children (Arthur Earnest (1880-1945), Helen (1882-1904), Gertrude Wright (1888-1959)). After moving to London from Leeds, they lived at 25 Coxwell Road in Plumstead for a period (c. 1890 to 1892). Ada's father Joseph Peel was an inn-keeper.[12] Works
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Kenefick|first1=William|title=Red Scotland!: The Rise and Fall of the Radical Left, C. 1872-1932|date=2007|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=9780748625185|page=43}} {{start box}}{{s-npo|union}}{{succession box|title=Auditor of the Trades Union Congress|years=1894|with=Thomas Ashton|before=Thomas Ashton and W. C. Steadman|after=William Parrott and William Henry Wilkinson}}{{end box}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hammill, Fred}}2. ^Pugh, Patricia (2013). Educate, Agitate, Organise Library Editions: Political Science Vol 59: One Hundred Years of Fabian Socialism. Routledge, London. {{ISBN|9781135025380}}. p.63. 3. ^'Fabian Notes' column of the Workman's Times, 28 May 1892 - quoted in McBrian, A.M. (1996), Fabian Socialism and English Politics: 1884-1918, Cambridge University Press, p.245. 4. ^Fred Hammill – A Short Biography (1893), [online resource], Cornell University, Kheel Center; USA. This text is a printed section at the start of: "The Necessity of an Independent Labour Party" pamphlet 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Tyler|first1=Paul|title=Labour's Lost Leader: The Life and Politics of Will Crooks|date=2007|publisher=I B Tauris|isbn=9780857714176|pages=36, 106}} 6. ^Reported in the Durham Chronicle, 18 January 1895. Cited by: Marshall, Craig (1976) Levels of Industrial Militancy and the political radicalisation of the Durham miners, 1885 - 1914. Durham University. 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Howell|first1=David|title=British Workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888-1906|date=1984|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719017919|page=88}} 8. ^"The Decadence of Tom Mann", The Star, Issue 6502, 3 June 1899, Page 7. 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Pugh|first1=Martin| authorlink = Martin Pugh (author)|title=A New History of the Labour Party|date=2011|publisher=Random House|isbn=9780099520788|page=17}} 10. ^John Morley, Joseph Cowen and Robert Spence Watson: Liberal Divisions in Newcastle Politics, 1873–1895. by E.I. Waitt. Thesis, University of Manchester, (1972). 11. ^UK National Archives, 1861 Census 12. ^UK National Archives, 1871 Census 13. ^Humphries, Barbara (2011) Nineteenth century pamphlets online. The Ephemerist, 153 (Summer) 4 : English trade unionists|1901 deaths|1856 births|Members of the Fabian Society Executive Committee |
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