1. {{anchor|Real cases}}Examples

2. Legal environment

3. Political environment

4. {{anchor|Economic Environment}}Media

5. References

The Cuban constitution recognizes the freedom of the press, and prohibits private ownership of the media.^[3] "Only 25 percent of Cubans use the internet, while only five percent of homes are connected",^[2] making it one of the Americas' least-connected countries. The Internet is censored; a number of websites are blocked, and access to information is scarce. Non-governmental organizations, such as Amnesty International, UN Special Rapporteurs, have had their access to Cuba restricted.

On the island, still led by the communist Castro regime, critics of the government and activists who struggle for a fairer Cuba often have their mobile and internet connections tapped.^[4] Around the time of Pope Benedict XVI's 2012 visit,^[5] the government blocked NGO communications from abroad to prevent them from obtaining information on Cuban prisoners.^[6]

{{anchor|Real cases}}Examples

According to the Foundation for Human Rights in Cuba, "Cuban citizens are experiencing severe restrictions on their freedom of speech and expression and that extends also to the issue of free press. Independent journalists have had to confront the police many times due to the restrictions they face in the country".{{full citation needed|date=September 2018}} On March 20, 2016 an activist blogger was taken by the police because he tried to cover a protest by the dissident group Ladies in White, a group of women who fight for the freedom of their husbands, brothers, fathers, sons or nephews who have been jailed. When the officers took him, they hit him until he fell to the floor and his face was covered in blood.^[7]{{failed verification|date=September 2018}}

On March 20th, 2017, Christian Liberation Movement leader Eduardo Cardet Concepcion was sentenced to three years in prison for criticizing Fidel Castro after Castro's death.^[8] According to Cardet, "Castro was a very controversial man, very much hated and rejected by our people."{{cn|date=September 2018}}

Legal environment

Cuba has less accessibility to freedom of expression and the press than any other country in the Americas.^[10] Laws restrict the freedom of speech to protect state security. Death sentences, in accordance with Article 91 of the country's penal code, are imposed on journalists or bloggers who act against "the independence or the territorial integrity of the state". Law 88, for the Protection of Cuba’s National Independence and Economy, imposes 20-year sentences on those who commit acts "aimed at subverting the internal order of the nation and destroying its political, economic and social system."^[9]

Journalists who criticize the president or members of Cuba's Council of State or National Assembly of People's Power can receive up to three years in prison. In accordance with the 1997 Law of National Dignity, members of independent news agencies which send their information to other countries can be sentenced for three to 10 years' imprisonment.^[9]

The government removed exit-visa requirements in 2013, and Cubans (particularly journalists and bloggers, including Yoani Sanchez and independent news agency Hablemos Press founder and director Roberto de Jesus Guerra) began traveling abroad. However, Sanchez' foreign travel has been restricted.^[9]

Political environment

In December 2014, the United States and Cuba reestablished diplomatic relations after almost 60 years. The Cuban government detained at least three dissidents, including Reinaldo Escobar, before a free-speech demonstration.^[10]

{{anchor|Economic Environment}}Media

Cuba has three national newspapers:

• Granma (Communist Party of Cuba)
• Juventud Rebelde (Young Communist League)
• Trabajadores (Workers' Central Union of Cuba)

The country has four national TV stations:

• Cubavision: The main state broadcaster
• Tele Rebelde: Cuba's second national network
• Canal Caribe: News channel^[11]
• Canal Educativo: Educational channel operated by the Cuban Institute of Radio and Television

Cuba's national radio stations are:

• Radio Habana Cuba: Government-run international broadcasting station
• Radio Rebelde: Music, news and sports
• Radio Taíno: Tourism
• Radio Progreso: Family, music and cultural programming^[12][13]
• Radio Enciclopedia: Instrumental music, news and cultural programming

References

• Wieferich prime base 19
• Wieferich prime base 5
• Wieferich prime base 6
• Wieferich prime base 7
• Wiegand keycard
• Wiegand River
• Wiegand, Wayne A.
• Wiege der Finsternis
• Wiegenlied, D. 498 (Schubert)
• Wiegenlied, D 498 (Schubert)
• Wiegenlied (disambiguation)
• Wiegenlieder
• Wieger StG-942
• Wiegmann's agama
• Wiegman, Piet
• Wiegold
• Wie gut, dass es Maria gibt
• Wiehahn Herbst
• Wiehan Hay
• Wiehen
• Wiehl (Agger)
• Wiehl (disambiguation)
• Wiehle Avenue (WMATA station)
• Wiehle – Reston East
• Wiehle – Reston East Station