| 词条 | 1946 Italian general election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Italian general election, 1946 | country = Italy | type = legislative | turnout = 89.1% | ongoing = no | previous_election = Italian general election, 1934 | previous_year = 1934 | previous_mps = | next_election = Italian general election, 1948 | next_year = 1948 | next_mps = | seats_for_election = All 556 seats to the Constituent Assembly of Italy | elected_mps = | election_date = 2 June 1946 | map_image = Constituent Assembly Italy, 1946 Province.png | map_size = 300px | map_caption = Legislative election results map. Light Blue denotes provinces with a Christian Democratic plurality, Red denotes those with a Communist plurality, Salmon denotes those with a Socialist plurality. | image1 = | leader1 = Alcide De Gasperi | leader_since1 = 1944 | party1 = Christian Democracy (Italy) | leaders_seat1 = Trentino | last_election1 = | seats1 = 207 | seat_change1 = | popular_vote1 = 8,101,004 | percentage1 = 35.2% | image2 = | leader2 = Pietro Nenni | leader_since2 = 1931 | party2 = Italian Socialist Party | leaders_seat2 = Whole Italy | last_election2 = | seats2 = 115 | seat_change2 = | popular_vote2 = 4,758,129 | percentage2 = 20.7% | image3 = | leader3 = Palmiro Togliatti | leader_since3 = 1938 | party3 = Italian Communist Party | leaders_seat3 = Whole Italy | last_election3 = | seats3 = 104 | seat_change3 = | popular_vote3 = 4,356,686 | percentage3 = 18.9% | title = Prime Minister | posttitle = New Prime Minister | before_election = Alcide De Gasperi | before_party = Christian Democracy|DC | after_election = Alcide De Gasperi | after_party = Christian Democracy|DC }} General elections were held in Italy on Sunday, 2 June 1946.[1] They were the first after World War II and elected 556 deputies to the Constituent Assembly. Theoretically, a total of 573 deputies were to be elected, but the election did not take place in the Julian March and in South Tyrol, which were under military occupation by the United Nations. For the first time, Italian women were allowed to vote in a national election. Electors had two votes: one to elect the representatives and one to choose the institutional form of the state. Electoral systemTo emphasise the restoration of democracy after the fascist era, a pure party-list proportional representation was chosen. Italian provinces were united in 31 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates.[2] At constituency level, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with the Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats were transferred at national level, where special closed lists of national leaders received the last seats using the Hare quota. CampaignAt the end of World War II, Italy was governed under transitional laws as a result of agreements between the National Liberation Committee (CLN) and the royal Lieutenant General of the Realm Humbert II. As no democratic elections had taken place for more than 20 years, legislative power was given to the government but, after the first election, the Italian Council of Ministers would have to receive a vote of confidence by the new Constituent Assembly. The three main contestants were Christian Democracy and the Italian Socialist Party, which had both received popular support before the fascist era, and the Italian Communist Party, which had strengthened itself with the armed struggle against Nazism and fascism during the war. The Italian Liberal Party, heir of the pre-fascist and conservative ruling class, proposed an alliance called National Democratic Union. Monarchists groups created the National Bloc of Freedom, while the social liberal Action Party and Labour Democratic Party hoped to maximize the positive image of the governments that they ruled in the National Liberation Committee. Parties and leaders
Results{{see also|Graph of Italian general elections}}The election gave a large majority to the government formed by the three leaders of the CLN, which were briefly joined by the Republican Party after the exile of Humbert II. The alliance lasted for a year.
|title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars={{Bar percent|DC|{{Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color}}|35.21}}{{Bar percent|PSIUP|{{Italian Socialist Party/meta/color}}|20.68}}{{Bar percent|PCI|{{Italian Communist Party/meta/color}}|18.93}}{{Bar percent|UDN|{{Italian Liberal Party/meta/color}}|6.78}}{{Bar percent|UQ|darkblue|5.27}}{{Bar percent|PRI|{{Italian Republican Party/meta/color}}|4.36}}{{Bar percent|BNL|#306EFF|2.77}}{{Bar percent|PdA|{{Action Party (Italy)/meta/color}}|1.45}}{{Bar percent|Others|{{Other/meta/color}}|4.53}} }}{{Bar box |title=Parliamentary seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars={{Bar percent|DC|{{Christian Democracy (Italy)/meta/color}}|37.23}}{{Bar percent|PSIUP|{{Italian Socialist Party/meta/color}}|20.68}}{{Bar percent|PCI|{{Italian Communist Party/meta/color}}|18.71}}{{Bar percent|UDN|{{Italian Liberal Party/meta/color}}|7.37}}{{Bar percent|UQ|darkblue|5.40}}{{Bar percent|PRI|{{Italian Republican Party/meta/color}}|4.14}}{{Bar percent|BNL|#306EFF|2.88}}{{Bar percent|PdA|{{Action Party (Italy)/meta/color}}|1.26}}{{Bar percent|Others|{{Other/meta/color}}|2.34}} }} Referendum{{main|Italian constitutional referendum, 1946}}Together with the election, a constitutional referendum took place. Italian electors had to choose if they wanted to continue the reign of Humbert II of Savoy or to turn Italy into a republic. While all regions of Northern Italy as far as Tuscany and Marches gave a majority to the republic, all regions of Southern Italy to Lazio and Abruzzo voted to maintain the monarchy.
References1. ^Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1047 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}} {{Italian elections}}{{Authority control}}2. ^The number of seats for each constituency ranged from 1 for Aosta Valley to 36 for Milan. 3 : General elections in Italy|1946 elections in Italy|June 1946 events |
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