| 释义 |
- Description
- Taxonomy
- Distribution and habitat
- Notes
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=October 2017}}{{italic title}}{{taxobox
|image = Fritillaria japonica (flower s6).JPG
|image_caption =
|regnum = Plantae
|unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
|unranked_classis = Monocots
|ordo = Liliales
|familia = Liliaceae
|genus = Fritillaria
|subgenus = Japonica
|species = F. japonica
|binomial = Fritillaria japonica
|binomial_authority = Miq.{{sfn|Miquel|1867}}{{sfn|TPL|2013}}{{sfn|IPNI|2005}}
|synonyms=
|synonyms_ref =
|}}Fritillari japonica is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, endemic to Japan.{{sfn|WCSP|2017}}{{sfn|AGS|2017}} It is a species in the genus Fritillaria, in the Liliaceae family. It is placed in the subgenus Japonica. Description F. japonica is characterised by the presence of a distinctly divided style, having smooth tepal margins and nectaries and white anthers. The flower is campanulate.{{sfn|AGS|2017}} Bulb c. 1 cm, stem 6–12 cm in height. Leaves lanceolate, about 6 cm in length. The lower leaves are opposite, the upper in a whorl of three. Flowers single, broad, campanulate, white with brown marking, unscented. Tepals 1.5–2 cm in length, nectaries yellow and 5–8 mm long, from angle of bell to apex. Style trifid (3 lobed) ovedistal 2 mm. Fruit a capsule not winged, tapering, apex to base, pendant at maturity. Seeds pear-shaped.{{sfn|AGS|2011}} Taxonomy F. japonica was first described by Miquel in 1867, in his Prolusio Florae Japonicae.{{sfn|Miquel|1867}} He provides the following description (in Latin){{efn|Caulis 5-pollicaris e bulbo vix maiore basi pauci-squamoso nudus, ....}} — "Stem 5 thumb breadths, arising from a bulb of few scales and scarcely larger than a pea, with 4–5 leaves at its apex, lanceolate and tapering to a point at both ends; single nodding spreading-campanulate flower born on a pedicel; perigonium half a thumb breadth, pointed and recurved at the tip, the outside pale lilac and dotted, the inside dotted lemon yellow and blood red; anthers yellow and elliptical-oblong; stigma with three linear lobes." He ends with Ad iconem libri iaponici determinavi, alluding to the fact he had examined the illustration in Iinuma's Somoku-zusetsubook (1856). When Baker (1874) divided Fritillaria into subgenera, he was unsure where to place F. japonica and listed it under Species dubiae.{{sfn|Baker|1874}} From then on there was considerable confusion as to the exact nature of the species and its taxonomic placement.{{sfn|Hill|2011}} It was not till 2001 that Rix placed all the endemic species of Japan into one subgenus, Japonica,{{sfn|Rix|2001}} a decision subsequently validated by molecular phylogenetic analysis.{{sfn|Rønsted et al|2005}} Long considered a variety of Fritillaria koidzumiana, it continies to be sold in horticulture as Fritillaria japonica koidzumiana.{{sfn|PBS|2015}} Distribution and habitat Central and southwest Honshu, Japan.{{sfn|PBS|2015}} Found in peaty woodland soil.{{sfn|AGS|2011}} Notes {{Notelist}} References Bibliography {{refbegin|30em}}- {{cite journal|last=Baker|first=J. G.|authorlink=John Gilbert Baker|title=Revision of the Genera and Species of Tulipeae|at= F. sewerzowii p. 267|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|year=1874|volume=xiv|issue=76|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1874.tb00314.x|ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=Laurence|title=A taxonomic history of Japanese endemic Fritillaria (Liliaceae)|journal=Kew Bulletin|date=2011|volume=66|issue=2|pages=227–240|jstor=23044676|ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal|last1=Miquel|first1=Friedrich Anton Wilhelm|authorlink=Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|title=Fritillaria japonica|journal=Annales Musei botanici lugduno-batavi.|date=1867|volume=3|issue=5|page=158|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/2545#page/175/mode/1up|ref=harv}}
- {{cite book|last=Rix|first=Martyn|authorlink=Martyn Rix|title=Fritillaria: A Revised Classification: Together with an Updated List of Species|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEYWHQAACAAJ&pg=PA524|year=2001|publisher=Fritillaria Group of the Alpine Garden Society|ref=harv}}
- {{cite journal|last=Rønsted|first=N. |first2=S.|last2=Law |first3=H. |last3=Thornton |first4=M. F. |last4=Fay |first5=M. W. |last5=Chase|authorlink1=Nina Ronsted|authorlink4=Michael Francis Fay|authorlink5=Mark Wayne Chase|title=Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria|url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.574.7908&rep=rep1&type=pdf|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2005|volume=35|pages=509–527|pmid=15878122|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.023|issue=3|ref={{harvid|Rønsted et al|2005}}}}
- {{cite web|last1=TPL|authorlink=The Plant List |title=The Plant List 1.1: Fritillaria japonica Miq.|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-306681|publisher =Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden |accessdate=16 October 2017|date=2013|ref=harv}}
- {{cite web|last=WCSP|authorlink= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families|title=Fritillaria japonica Miq.|url=http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=306681|website=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP)|publisher= Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|accessdate = 11 October 2017|ref={{harvid|WCSP|2017}}}}
- {{cite web|last=IPNI|authorlink=International Plant Names Index|title=Fritillaria japonica Miq.|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=535172-1|website=International Plant Names Index|date=2005|accessdate=24 October 2017|ref={{harvid|IPNI|2005}}}}
- {{cite web|author1=Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V., eds.|title=Fritillaria japonica Miq.|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/9767900/source/tree|website=Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist |publisher=ITIS, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|accessdate=23 October 2017|location=Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands|date=2014|ref={{harvid|COL|2014}}}}
- {{cite web|title=Fritillaria japonica Miq.|url=http://e-monocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:taxon:306681|website=eMonocot|accessdate=30 October 2017|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|ref={{harvid|eMonocot|2017}}}}
- {{cite web|title=Fritillaria japonica|url=http://www.fritillaria.org.uk/fritillaria-species-g---l.html|website=Fritillaria species: A|publisher=Fritillaria Group, Alpine Garden Society|accessdate=17 October 2017|ref={{harvid|AGS|2017}}}}
- {{cite web|last=AGS|authorlink=Alpine Garden Society|title=Fritillaria japonica|url=http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Fritillaria/japonica|website=Plant Encyclopaedia|publisher=Alpine Garden Society|accessdate=4 November 2017|date=2011|ref=harv}}
- {{cite web|last=PBS|authorlink=Pacific Bulb Society|title=Fritillaria japonica|url=http://pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/AsianFritillariaTwo|website=Asian Fritillaria|publisher=Pacific Bulb Society|accessdate=4 November 2017|date=25 July 2015|ref=harv}}
{{refend}} External links {{Wikispecies}}{{Commons}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q15540434}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fritillaria japonica}} 4 : Fritillaria|Flora of Japan|Plants described in 1867|Taxa named by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel |