| 词条 | Funiculina quadrangularis |
| 释义 |
| image = | status = Species of conservation concern | taxon = Funiculina quadrangularis | authority = }}Funiculina quadrangularis is an uncommon species of sea pen within the Family Funiculinidae.[1] It forms habitat for several key crustation species.[2] DistributionFound mainly within deep sea basins of Scottish sea lochs with a depth below 20m, but has been found within the outer mouths of said lochs.[1][2] ReproductionWith a sex ratio of 1:1 of males to females in a population, spawning occurs in the winter.[3] They have a large pool of offspring with a survival rate of about 10%.[3] ThreatsDue to the small territory of this species, it is vulnerable to fishing activities.[2][3] References1. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Saunders|first=Graham R.|last2=Mair|first2=James M.|last3=Donnan|first3=David W.|last4=Greathead|first4=Clare F.|date=October 2007|title=The sea pens Virgularia mirabilis, Pennatula phosphorea and Funiculina quadrangularis: distribution and conservation issues in Scottish waters|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/sea-pens-virgularia-mirabilis-pennatula-phosphorea-and-funiculina-quadrangularis-distribution-and-conservation-issues-in-scottish-waters/F4A20836C10502A8BB1F67C1FA644EFE|journal=Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom|language=en|volume=87|issue=5|pages=1095–1103|doi=10.1017/S0025315407056238|issn=1469-7769|via=}} {{anthozoa-stub}}2. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Wright|first=Erin P.|last2=Kemp|first2=Kirsty|last3=Rogers|first3=Alex D.|last4=Yesson|first4=Chris|date=2015|title=Genetic structure of the tall sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis in NW Scottish sea lochs|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/maec.12174|journal=Marine Ecology|language=en|volume=36|issue=3|pages=659–667|doi=10.1111/maec.12174|issn=1439-0485}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771409000080?via%3Dihub|title=Reproduction in the sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis (Anthozoa: Pennatulacea) from the west coast of Scotland|last=Edwards|first=Daniel|date=March 2009|website=www.sciencedirect.com|doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2009.01.006|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-05}} 2 : Funiculinidae|Anthozoa genera |
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