| 词条 | G101-class torpedo boat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The G101 class was a class of four large torpedo boats (sometimes rated as destroyers) that were ordered for the Argentine Navy from the German shipyard Germaniawerft in 1912. They were still building on the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914 when they were seized on behalf of the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial German Navy). All four ships completed in 1915 and serving through the rest of the war, with three ships present at the Battle of Jutland in 1916. Three ships were scuttled at Scapa Flow in 1919 and one sunk as a target by American aircraft in 1921. DesignIn 1910, the Argentine Navy placed orders for twelve large destroyers with the orders split between the British shipyard Cammell Laird (four ships), the French shipyard Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne (four ships) and the German shipyards Germaniawerft and Schichau-Werke (two each). The four German-built ships were completed in 1912 and delivered that year, but the four British-built ships were purchased by Greece in October 1912 because of the First Balkan War, becoming the Aetos class. To replace these four ships, Argentina ordered four more ships from Germaniawerft in 1912.[1] The outbreak of the First World War led to the four ships, which had not yet been launched, being seized by Germany on 6 August 1914 and being completed for the Kaiserliche Marine.[2] The four French-built ships were also still building on the outbreak of the First World War and served with the French Navy as the {{sclass-|Aventurier|destroyer|4}}.[2] The four new ships were {{convert|95.3|m|ftin}} long overall and {{convert|94.0|m|ftin}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|9.47|m|ftin}} and a draught of {{convert|3.84|m|ftin}}. They displaced {{convert|1116|t|LT}} normal and {{convert|1734|t|LT}} full load. Three boilers fed steam to two sets of steam turbines rated at {{convert|28000|shp|kW}} to give a speed of {{convert|33.5|kn}}. It was originally planned to fit the ships with two cruising diesel engines rated at {{convert|1800|PS|bhp kW}}, but these ended up not being fitted. The ships had three funnels.[3] 500 t of oil was carried, giving a range of {{convert|2420|nmi}} at {{convert|20|kn}}.[4] The Argentines planned to arm the ships with four {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|0}} guns supplied by the American Bethlehem Steel and {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|0}} torpedo tubes, but they were completed with four 8.8 cm SK L/45 naval guns in four single mounts.[3]{{#tag:ref|SK stands for Schnellfeuerkanone – Quick firing cannon in German|group=lower-alpha}}{{#tag:ref|L/45 refers to the length of the gun's barrel. In this case the barrel was 45 calibres long.|group=lower-alpha}} These guns could fire a {{convert|9|kg|lb|abbr=on}} high explosive shell a distance of {{convert|11790|m|yd|abbr=on}} at a rate of 15 rounds per minute. 120 rounds per gun were carried.[5] Six {{convert|50|cm|in|abbr=on|1}} torpedo tubes were fitted,[6] and 24 mines could be carried.[3] These ships had a crew of 104 officers and ratings.[4][7] Ships
ServiceThe four ships were all completed in 1915, forming the 2nd Torpedo Boat Flotilla along with the other large torpedo boats of the {{sclass-|B 97|destroyer|4}}.[3][9] The G102s were slower than the B97s and as a result often operated separately.[10] While they were officially designated as torpedo boats, as the G102 class and B97 class were significantly larger than the existing torpedo craft of the German Navy, they were known as destroyers (Zerstörer) rather than torpedo boats.[6] All four ships were present at the Battle of Jutland.[11] Three ships of the class took part in the destruction of a convoy running between Norway and England on 11 December 1917.[12] All four ships of the class survived the war and were interned at Scapa Flow, along with most of the rest of the High Seas Fleet on 22 November 1918.[13] On 21 June 1919, the German Fleet at Scapa Flow was scuttled. While G101, G103 and G104 sank, G102 ran aground during the attempt and was sunk as a target by aircraft of the US Navy in 1921.[3] Notes1. ^{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|pp=400, 402}} 2. ^{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=402}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Harvnb|Gröner|1983|p=62}} 4. ^1 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=170}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNGER_88mm-45_skc13.htm|title=German 8.8 cm/45|date=9 August 2009|publisher=navweaps.com|accessdate=3 September 2015}} 6. ^1 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|pp=169–170}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyGermanDestroyers2.htm|title=German Destroyers & Torpedo Boats WW1|website=www.naval-history.net|access-date=2016-12-23}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=164}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Ruge|1972|p=53}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Campbell|1998|p=27}} 11. ^{{Harvnb|Campbell|1998|p=25}} 12. ^{{Harvnb|Ruge|1972|p=66}} 13. ^{{Harvnb|Gröner|1983|pp=54, 62}} Citations{{Reflist|30em}}References
Further reading
3 : Torpedo boats of the Imperial German Navy|World War I torpedo boats of Germany|Ships of the Argentine Navy |
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