词条 | 1954 Tour de France | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = 1954 Tour de France | image = Route of the 1954 Tour de France.png | image_caption = Route of the 1954 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Amsterdam and finishing in Paris | image_alt = | image_size = 360px | date = 8 July – 1 August | stages = 23 | distance = 4656 | unit = km | time = 140h 06' 05" | speed = 33.229 | first = Louison Bobet | first_nat = FRA | first_natvar = | first_color = yellow | first_team = France | second = Ferdinand Kübler | second_nat = SUI | second_natvar = | second_team = Switzerland | third = Fritz Schär | third_nat = SUI | third_natvar = | third_team = Switzerland | team = Switzerland | mountains = Federico Bahamontes | mountains_nat = ESP | mountains_natvar = 1945 | mountains_team = Spain | points = Ferdinand Kübler | points_nat = SUI | points_natvar = | points_color = green | points_team = Switzerland | combativity = {{flagathlete|Lucien Lazaridès|FRA}} {{flagathlete|François Mahé|FRA}} | previous = 1953 | next = 1955 }} The 1954 Tour de France was the 41st edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 8 July to 1 August 1954. It consisted of 23 stages over {{convert|4656|km|0|abbr=on}}. The race was won by Louison Bobet, the second of his three consecutive wins. Teams{{main list|List of teams and cyclists in the 1954 Tour de France}}As was the custom since the 1930 Tour de France, the 1954 Tour de France was contested by national and regional teams. Seven national teams were sent, with 10 cyclists each from France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Switzerland and Luxembourg/Austria (the latter a combined team). France additionally sent five regional teams from 10 cyclists each, divided into Center-North East France, West France, South East France, Ile de France and South West France.[1] The combined team Luxembourg/Austria consisted of six Luxembourgian cyclists, three Austrian cyclists and one from Liechtenstein.[2] In total, 110 cyclists started the race.[1] Notable absents were the Italian cyclists. In Italy, new sponsors had entered the market, named "extra-sportives" because they did not sell a product directly related to the sport. During the 1954 Giro d'Italia, this caused a strike, the Bernina strike. After this, the Italian federation decided not to send a team to the 1954 Tour de France.[3][4] The teams entering the race were: {{div col|colwidth=20em}}
Route and stagesThe 1954 Tour de France was the first time that the Tour had started outside France, as it started in Amsterdam.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=45}} Also new was the team time trial. Although around 1930 the Tour had seen stages in which the teams started separately, in 1954 the team time trial format was reintroduced in a way that only the team time counted. Also the split stages were reintroduced. Stage 4 was divided into two parts: the team time trial of 10.4 km (part A), and a regular stage of 131 km (part B), both run on the same day. Similarly, stage 21 was divided into a regular stage of 134 km (part A) and an individual time trial of 72 km (part B), also both run on the same day. There were two rest days, in Bordeaux and Lyon.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=45}}
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1954.php|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|title=41ème Tour de France 1954|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301040311/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1954.php|archive-date=2012-03-01|access-date=26 September 2016|df=dmy-all|dead-url=yes}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.tour-giro-vuelta.net|title=Tour-Giro-Vuelta|work=www.tour-giro-vuelta.net|accessdate=10 December 2009}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=The story of the Tour de France, volume 1: 1903-1964|last=McGann|first=Bill|author2=McGann, Carol|isbn=1-59858-180-5|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|year=2006|pages=198–206}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|title=De geschiedenis van de Tour de France 1903–1984|first=Wim|last=Amels|year=1984|publisher=Sport-Express|language=Dutch|isbn=90-70763-05-2|pages=71–72}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1954 |title=Tour de France GC top ten |author=Arian Zwegers |publisher=CVCC |accessdate=10 December 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hQnRPAvL?url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html |archivedate=10 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1954_4a.php|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|title=41ème Tour de France 1954 - 4ème étape (a)|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302202258/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1954_4a.php|archive-date=2012-03-02|access-date=26 September 2016|df=dmy-all|dead-url=yes}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/site/article.do?code=LC&date=19540720&id=LC-19540720-4006|title=Nolten stijgt weer in het klassement|language=Dutch|date=20 July 1954|accessdate=10 December 2009|publisher=Leeuwarder Courant}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1954.htm|title=Bobet Excels Again|author=Barry Boyce|publisher=Cycling Revealed|year=2004|accessdate=10 December 2009}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/site/article.do?code=LC&date=19540721&id=LC-19540721-7013|title=Nolten rukt op, thans zevende|language=Dutch|date=21 July 1954|accessdate=10 December 2009|publisher=Leeuwarder Courant}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/site/article.do?code=LC&date=19540722&id=LC-19540722-3003|title=De Bruyne wint voor de tweede keer een etappe|language=Dutch|date=21 July 1954|accessdate=10 December 2009|publisher=Leeuwarder Courant}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19540803&id=GVA-19540803-01008008|title=Het Tour panorama 1954|trans-title=The Tour panorama 1954|language=Dutch|work=Gazet van Antwerpen|date=3 August 1954|page=8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216023529/http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19540803&id=GVA-19540803-01008008|archive-date=16 February 2019|dead-url=no}} 12. ^{{cite web|last=van den Akker|first=Pieter|title=Informatie over de Tour de France van 1954|trans-title=Information about the Tour de France from 1954|url=http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1954|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302050117/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1954|archivedate=2 March 2019|language=Dutch|website=TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl|accessdate=2 March 2019|dead-url=no}} 13. ^{{cite news|last=Cunningham|first=Josh|title=History of the Tour de France jerseys|url=http://www.cyclist.co.uk/in-depth/1409/history-of-the-tour-de-france-jerseys|accessdate=2 October 2016|work=Cyclist|publisher=Dennis Publishing|date=4 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026180408/http://www.cyclist.co.uk/in-depth/1409/history-of-the-tour-de-france-jerseys|archive-date=26 October 2016|dead-url=no}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/statistieken/Alle-uitslagen/1954--41e-editie-1607.html|title=1954: 41e editie|publisher=Tourdefrance.nl|date=30 December 2003|accessdate=10 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308104829/http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/statistieken/Alle-uitslagen/1954--41e-editie-1607.html|archive-date=8 March 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/site/article.do?code=LC&date=19540731&id=LC-19540731-8001|publisher=Leeuwarder Courant|date=31 July 1954|accessdate=10 December 2009|language=Dutch|title=Bobet toont in de tijdrit zijn grote klasse}} 16. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/site/article.do?code=LC&date=19540802&id=LC-19540802-4005|title=Bobet onbetwist winnaar van de Tour de France|publisher=Leeuwarder Courant|date=2 August 1954|accessdate=10 December 2009|language=Dutch}} Race overviewIn the first stage, Wout Wagtmans won the sprint, and took the yellow jersey. He would remain the leader until the team time trial in stage 4, when the French team won back enough time on the Dutch team for Bobet to take over the lead.[4] In that time trial, over 10.4 km, the winning team was decided by adding the times of the three best cyclists per team. For the general classification, every cyclist got added his individual time.[6] In the second part of the fourth stage, former winner Jean Robic hit a photographer during the sprint, fell down and had to give up.[4] In the eighth stage, Wagtmans had joined a breakaway, which won enough time on Bobet for Wagtmans to take back the yellow jersey.[4] Wagtmans fell down in the eleventh stage,[7] and although he managed to keep his lead until the start of the twelfth stage, he continued without morale.[4] In the twelfth stage in the Pyrénées, three important riders attacked: Bauvin, Bahamontes and Malléjac. They stayed ahead, and Bauvin jumped to the first position in the general classification. Bobet was not far behind these three, and moved into the second place.[8] In that twelfth stage, Hugo Koblet had fallen down, and lost 27 minutes, and his chances to win the Tour de France a second time.[9] In the next stage, Koblet gave up.[10] In the fourteenth stage, the Swiss cyclists were fighting back. They were riding as fast as they could, and the leading group was getting smaller. Bauvin also could not keep up with that group, partly because he had a flat tire, and finished 8 minutes behind, losing the leading position. Bobet however could keep up with the Swiss pace,[3] and took over the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification.[8] In the sixteenth stage, Bauvin lost another 20 minutes, and dropped to sixth place.[3] The Swiss cyclists had attacked Bobet where they could, but were unable to gain time on him. They had moved into second and third place of the general classification.[8] In the eighteenth stage, Bobet dominated, and dropped all of the other contenders. He won by a margin of one minute and 49 seconds, and his margin in the general classification was 12 minutes 49 seconds, which would normally be large enough for the victory.[8] Bobet also won the individual time trial, and thereby increased his margin even more.[4] The Swiss cyclists could not attack Bobet anymore in the last stages, so Bobet won his second Tour de France. The Swiss team had performed well though, capturing the second and third place in the general classification, winning the team classification and having Kübler win the points classification. Classification leadershipThe time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 110 cyclists that started the 1954 Tour de France, 69 finished the race. The points classification was calculated in the same way as in 1953, following the calculation method from the Tours de France from 1905 to 1912. Points were given according to the ranking of the stage: the winner received one points, the next cyclist two points, and so on. These points were added, and the cyclist with the least points was the leader of the points classification. In 1954, this was won by Ferdinand Kübler.[1] Points for the mountains classification were earned by reaching the mountain tops first. The system was almost the same as in 1953: there were two types of mountain tops: the hardest ones, in category 1, gave 10 points to the first cyclist, the easier ones, in category 2, gave 6 points to the first cyclist, and the easiest ones, in category 3, gave 3 points. Federico Bahamontes won this classification.[1] The team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the Swiss team. In every stage, a jury gave points for the most combative cyclist. These votes were added in the combativity classification. At the end of the Tour de France, Lucien Lazaridès and François Mahé were leading this classification with 20 votes each. Lucien Lazaridès is regarded as the winner of this classification.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=45}}
Final standingsGeneral classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Team classification
Combativity classification
AftermathAfter he won the Tour de France, Bobet would later win the 1954 UCI Road World Championships.[3] The next year he would win the 1955 Tour de France, thereby becoming the first cyclist to win three Tours in a row. Notes{{Reflist|group=n}}References{{Reflist|30em}}Bibliography
External links{{commons category-inline|Tour de France 1954|1954 Tour de France}}{{Cycling stage recaps|1954 Tour de France|1|12|13|23}}{{Tour de France}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1954 Tour De France}} 9 : 1954 Tour de France|Tour de France by year|1954 in cycle racing|1954 in French sport|1954 in Dutch sport|1954 in road cycling|July 1954 sports events|August 1954 sports events|Articles containing video clips |
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