| 词条 | Gallows Run (Delaware River) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Gallows Run | name_native = Pereletakon | name_native_lang = Lenape | name_other = Gallows Hill Run, Kintnersville Creek | image = | image_size = | image_caption = | image_alt = | pushpin_map = USA Pennsylvania | pushpin_map_size = 250 | pushpin_map_caption= Gallows Run | pushpin_map_alt = Map showing location of Gallows Run | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Pennsylvania | subdivision_type3 = County | subdivision_name3 = Bucks | subdivision_type4 = Townhship | subdivision_name4 = Springfield | subdivision_type5 = Township | subdivision_name5 = Nockamixon | length = {{convert|5.25|mi|km}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = | source1_coordinates= {{Coord|40|32|39|N|75|13|58|W}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|740|ft|m}} | mouth = | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|40|33|39|N|75|10|16|W|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|141|ft|m}} | progression = Gallows Run→Delaware River | river_system = Delaware River | basin_size = {{convert|8.72|sqmi|km2}} | basin_landmarks = | basin_population = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | waterbodies = | waterfalls = | bridges = Buckwampum Road, Hunter Road, Gallows Hill Road, Traugers Crossing Road (two passes), Kintners Road, Pennsylvania Route 611 (Easton Road) | ports = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} Gallows Run (Pereletakon, Gallows Hill Run, Kintnersville Creek) is a tributary of the Delaware River in Springfield and Nockamixon Townships, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania in the United States. StatisticsGallows Run was entered into the Geographic Names Information System of the U.S. Geological Survey on 2 August 1979 as identification number 1175398, and is listed in the Pennsylvania Gazatteer of Streams as identification number 3278. The stream has a watershed of {{convert|8.72|sqmi|km2}} and meets its confluence at the Delaware River's 171.8 river mile. The Total length of the Creek is {{convert|5.25|mi|km}}, the total elevation change is {{convert|599|ft|m}}. The average slope, therefore is approximately 114 feet per mile (22.1 meters per kilometer).[1][2] CourseGallows Run rises on the southern slope of Buckwampum Mountain in Springfield Township and is oriented south for about {{convert|0.66|mi|km}} then turns east northeast for about {{convert|1.4|mi|km}} where it receives a tributary from the left, and flows southeast. After another {{convert|0.75|mi|km}} it receives another tributary from the right and turns to the east for another {{convert|0.7|mi|km}} where it enters Nockamixon Township and receives another tributary from the left. Continuing northeast for {{convert|0.37|mi|km}} it turns sharply north picking up two more tributaries from the right. Going north, it receives a tributary from the left, then from the right, then finally from the left, where it curves right and finally meets the Pennsylvania Canal (Delaware Division). [3] HistoryGallows Run was sometimes referred to as Gallows Hill Run. The lower portion was also sometimes referred as Kintnersville Creek. The mouth of Gallows Run empties into the Delaware adjacent to an island in some old sources named Laughreys Island, some maps today refer to it as Lynn Island. The island is unlabeled in the National Map. A deed for the Durham Iron Works of 10 February 1727 names the stream Pereletakon, seemlingly referring to a Lenape name. William J. Buck was the first to attempt an explanation for the name Gallows Hill and Gallows Run as the finding the body of a man who committed suicide by hanging on Gallows Hill, but that was disputed by Warren S. Ely, Librarian for the Bucks County Historical Society, by stating that it was that Edward Marshall, one of the runners of the Walking Purchase broke his gallowses (trouser braces) when he jumped across the creek, so, he hung his gallowses on a tree branch at the run, hence the name "Gallows Run". Marshall refers to the point where he left Durham in his deposition of 1757 as Gallows Hill. The will of Bartholomew Longstreth, of Warminster Township refers to a property he sold to Joseph Robinson of Rockhill Township on Gallows Hill on 5 June 1741. This was only fours years after the 'walk'. Near the mouth of Gallows Run was the site of a Lenape village known as Pechoqueolin, one of the largest native villages in Bucks County discovered by John A. Ruth noted in a paper read to the Bucks County Historical Society on 27 July 1886.[4] Geology
Gallows Run begins in a bed of Quartz Fanglomerate, laid down during the Triassic and Jurassic, consisting of cobbles and boulders of quartzite, sandstone, quartz, and some metarhyolite in red sand. Turn to the eastern leg, it passes through the Brunswick Formation, also laid during the Triassic and Jurassic, consisting of mudstone and siltstone with beds of shale.Mineralogy includes argillite and hornfels. As it approaches the Delaware, it finally passes through the Trenton Gravel bed, formed during the Quaternary (current geological age), and consists of sand, clay, and silt.[5] Crossings and Bridges[6]
References1. ^{{GNIS|1175398|name=Gallows Run}} 2. ^http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/ |title= GNIS Feature Search |website=TNM download |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date= 25 January 2017}} 4. ^MacReynolds, George, Place Names in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Doylestown, Bucks County Historical Society, Doylestown, PA, 1942, P1. 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gis.dcnr.state.pa.us/geology/index.html |title= Pennsylvania Geological Survey |website=PaGEODE |publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |access-date= 26 January 2018}} 6. ^http://www.nationalbridges.com/, retrieved 27 January 2017. 2 : Rivers of Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
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