| 词条 | Gamma Group |
| 释义 |
Gamma Group is an Anglo-German technology company that sells surveillance software to governments and police forces around the world. The company has been strongly criticised by human rights organisations for selling its FinFisher software to undemocratic regimes such as Egypt and Bahrain. Following the Arab Spring protests in 2011, activists from Bahrain identified suspicious emails which were identified as social engineering attempts to persuade them to launch applications containing malicious software. The emails were passed to analysts who identified malware which would give FinFisher access to the infected computers.[1] The University of Toronto's CitizenLab conducted an investigation of Gamma which identified "33 likely government users of FinFisher in 32 countries, based on the presence of a FinFisher master at an IP address in a country or belonging to a specific government department."[2] In 2014, Gamma Group was hacked and a 40 Gb dump of information was released detailing Gamma's 'client lists, price lists, source code, details about the effectiveness of FinFisher malware, user and support documentation, a list of classes/tutorials, and much more.'[3] Further details about Gamma's capabilities can be found in the Surveillance Industry Index.[4] Despite this hack and the extent of negative publicity about Gamma's activities, FinFisher was reported to be gaining in popularity around the world with numerous governments.[5] References1. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/gamma-international-leaked-data-confirms-uk-spyware-export-bahrain-1460291|title = Cyber Attacks on Activists Traced to FinFisher Spyware of Gamma|last = Silver|first = Vernon|date = 25 July 2012|website = Bloomberg.com|publisher = Bloomberg|access-date = 13 September 2016}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url = https://citizenlab.org/2015/10/mapping-finfishers-continuing-proliferation/|title = Pay No Attention to the Server Behind the Proxy: Mapping FinFisher’s Continuing Proliferation|last =|first =|date = 15 October 2015|website = citizenlab.org|publisher = CitizenLab|access-date = 13 September 2016}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.zdnet.com/article/top-govt-spyware-company-hacked-gammas-finfisher-leaked/|title = Top gov't spyware company hacked; Gamma's FinFisher leaked|last = Blue|first = Violet|date = 6 August 2014|website = ZDNet|publisher = ZDNet|access-date = 13 September 2016}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://sii.transparencytoolkit.org/docs/GammaGroupsii_companies|title=Surveillance Industry Index|website=sii.transparencytoolkit.org|access-date=2016-10-18}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.zdnet.com/article/in-hacking-teams-wake-finfisher-spyware-rises-in-popularity-with-government-users/|title = In Hacking Team's wake, FinFisher spyware rises in popularity with government users|last = Osborne|first = Charlie|date = 19 October 2015|website = ZDNet|publisher = ZDNet|access-date = 13 September 2016}} 5 : Hacking in the 2010s|Computer security companies|Spyware|Surveillance|Espionage scandals and incidents |
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