| 词条 | Garfield Peak (Oregon) |
| 释义 |
| name = Garfield Peak | photo = 037 crater lake lodge.JPG | photo_caption = Crater Lake Lodge and Garfield Peak in the background | elevation_ft = 7976 | elevation_ref = [1] | prominence_ft = 334 | prominence_ref = [1] | location = Klamath County, Oregon, U.S. | range = Cascades | coordinates = {{coord|42.903989|N|122.123342|W|type:mountain_region:US-OR_scale:100000_source:GNIS|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | range_coordinates = | coordinates_ref = [2] | topo = USGS Crater Lake West | type = | age = | volcanic_arc = Cascade Volcanic Arc | last_eruption = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = Trail[3] from Crater Lake Lodge }}Garfield Peak is a mountain peak on the south end of Crater Lake in Crater Lake National Park, Oregon. The top of the peak reaches {{convert|7976|ft|0}} above sea level. The peak has a {{convert|1000|ft|0}} elevation trail to the summit from the Crater Lake lodge, one of the most popular hiking sites surrounding the lake. The 1.7 mile trail continues East toward Applegate peak ({{convert|7976|ft|0}} high). The peak is one of seven peaks on Crater Lake's rim to rise above {{convert|8000|ft|0}}.[3][4] HistoryThe Garfield Peak was named in honor of James Rudolph Garfield, the Secretary of Interior for President Teddy Roosevelt, who created the national park in 1902.[5] Garfield visited the park in 1907, the first cabinet member to visit Crater Lake.[6] GeologyGarfield Peak was created after Mount Mazama, a large stratovolcano, erupted violently approximately 7,700 years ago, formed on the rim of its caldera which now contains Crater Lake. The walls along the southern rim of Crater Lake have had a peculiar influence from sulfur steams coming off fumaroles, which color the rock especially on Garfield Peak, the Eagle Crags and Applegate trail.[6] The rock color frequently changes from shades of red, brown, to yellow. The reds and browns of the igneous rocks tend to be a result of the initial stages of rock decay and the inevitable pigments made by a long-standing combination of oxygen, iron, and water. This combination of iron oxide with water forms a resulting chemical compound called mineral limonite, which has a brown color. When the iron oxide combines with more diluted amounts of water, the resulting color is yellow. In the cases where no water has entered into the reaction, the color of the resulting rock is red, forming the mineral hematite. In some areas, soluble and insoluble iron compounds mix with each other producing a greenish color rock. All these colors of rock with varying shades based on various stages of dilution can be seen on Garfield Peak, including its trailside.[7] Flora and faunaGarfiel Peak is covered by mountain hemlock and Shasta red fir, while whitebark pine and subalpine fir can be found at higher altitudes towards the summit.[8] American pikas and yellow-bellied marmots can be found upon the rocky slopes along the trail.[9] BirdsBirds and bird songs are prominent on Garfield Peak. The song of Thurber's Junco is of interest, which tends to breed on the mountains of Southern Oregon. The bird resembles the Oregon Junco with head, throat and breast of deep black but with longer wings and tail and the sides of the bird are more buff than pink. They can be seen perched and singing or females can be seen hopping through the rocks and grassy meadows in search of insects and seeds. Their nest can be seen carefully hidden under the leaves of the trailing black currant. [10]Garfield Peak trailThe Garfiel Peak trail is a hiking route that travels over or parallels the westernmost stretch of the southern rim of Crater Lake.[11] Most of the northern ridges of the trail has views of the lake and its two islands. The trail is non-paved and runs {{convert|1.7|mi|km}} from the Crater Lake Lodge up a moderate rated ascension gain of 1122 feet of elevation up to Garfield Peak.[12] From Garfield Peak the trail has access to continue to a relative plain section of Crater Lake Southernmost ridge past Eagle Crags towards Applegate Peak. The trailhead is well marked on the Eastern side of Crater Lake Lodge and begins with a section of paved corridors that have viewing access to the lake.[9] The pavement transitions to an exposed but well maintained dirt trail leading northeastward. Approximately half a mile from the trailhead the track turns northward ascending the northwestern ridge of Garfield Peak.[13] The trail slowly turns fully eastward over the northernmost ridge of Garfield Peak up to the summit. References1. ^1 {{cite peakbagger |id=2456 |name=Garfield Peak, Oregon |accessdate=2015-09-12}} {{refbegin}}2. ^{{cite gnis |id=1152566 |name=Garfield Peak |accessdate=2015-09-12}} 3. ^1 {{cite web | last = Richard | first = Terry | title = Garfield Peak tempts hikers with views above Crater Lake Lodge | work = OregonLive | publisher = The Oregonian | date = 11 August 2011 | url = http://blog.oregonlive.com/terryrichard/2011/08/garfield_peak_tempts_hikers_wi.html | accessdate = 2015-09-12}} 4. ^ {{cite book | last = McArthur | first = Lewis A. and Lewis L. | title = Oregon Geographic Names | edition = 6th | publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press | location = Portland, Oregon | year = 1992 | page = 957}} 5. ^{{cite news |last=Sullivan|first=William |date= |title=Hike Garfield Peak|url=http://www.oregon.com/recreation/hike-garfield-peak |newspaper=Oregon.com |location=|publisher= |accessdate=2014-07-30 }} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.craterlakeinstitute.com/natural-history/geology-garfield-peak.htm|title=Garfield Peak - Prominent Geological Features of Crater Lake National Park|publisher=Crater Lake Institute|accessdate=5 December 2015}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last= Swartzlow|first= Carl R. |last2= |first2= |date= August 1934|title= The Geology of the Garfield Trail|url= http://www.craterlakeinstitute.com/nature-notes-at-crater-lake/volume-7-no-2-august-1934/|journal= Crater Lake Nature Notes|publisher= Crater Lake Institute|volume= 7|issue= 2 |pages= |doi= |access-date=5 December 2015}} 8. ^Crater Lake National Park Park Vision. 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.craterlakeinstitute.com/planning-visit/activities/trail-garfield-peak.htm|title=Garfield Peak Trail - Crater Lake National Park|publisher=Crater Lake Institute|accessdate=12 September 2015}} 10. ^{{cite journal |last= Thomas|first= W. Craig |last2= |first2= |date= August 1934|title= We and the Birds - Garfield Peak|url= http://www.craterlakeinstitute.com/nature-notes-at-crater-lake/volume-7-no-2-august-1934/|journal= Crater Lake Nature Notes|publisher= Crater Lake Institute|volume= 7|issue= 2 |pages= |doi= |access-date=5 December 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.summitpost.org/garfield-peak/157098|title=Garfield Peak|publisher=SummitPost.com|accessdate=5 December 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://alltrails.com/trail/us/oregon/garfield-peak-trail|title=Garfield Peak Trail|publisher=AllTrails.com|accessdate=5 December 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.everytrail.com/guide/crater-lake-garfield-peak|title= Crater Lake - Garfield Peak|publisher=EveryTrail.com|accessdate=5 December 2015}}
| last = Harris | first = Stephen L. | title = Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes (3rd ed.) | publisher = Mountain Press Publishing Company | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-87842-511-X | page = 454 }}{{refend}} External links{{Commons category |Garfield Peak}}
7 : Cascade Range|Cascade Volcanoes|Volcanoes of Oregon|Volcanoes of Klamath County, Oregon|Crater Lake National Park|Mountains of Klamath County, Oregon|Mountains of Oregon |
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