| 词条 | 1960 Munich C-131 crash |
| 释义 |
|name = 1960 Munich Convair 340 crash |image = Convair C-131D Samaritan USAF.jpg |caption = A C-131D similar to the accident aircraft |date = 17 December 1960 |type = Take-off failure |occurrence_type = Accident |site = Munich, West Germany |coords = {{coord|48|8|20|N|11|32|59|E|type:landmark_scale:10000_region:DE-BY|display=inline,title}} |aircraft_type = Convair C-131D (CV-340) |aircraft_name = |operator = Third Air Force, United States Air Force |tail_number = 55-0291 |origin = Munich-Riem airport |stopover = |destination = RAF Northolt |passengers = 13 |crew = 7 |injuries = 20 (on the ground) |fatalities = 52 (including 32 on the ground) |survivors = 0 }} On 17 December 1960, a Convair C-131D Samaritan operated by the United States Air Force on a flight from Munich to RAF Northolt crashed shortly after take-off from Munich-Riem Airport, due to fuel contamination. All 20 passengers and crew on board as well as 32 people on the ground were killed.[1][2] AccidentOn 17 December 1960, the Samaritan was due to fly from Munich-Riem airport in Germany to RAF Northolt in the United Kingdom with 13 passengers and 7 crew.[1] Shortly after takeoff, the aircraft lost power to one of its two Pratt & Whitney R-2800 radial engines.[2] Unable to maintain altitude, it hit the 318-foot steeple of St. Paul's Church next to the Oktoberfest site (then vacant) in the downtown Ludwigsvorstadt borough. Subsequently, at 2:10 PM, it crashed into a crowded two-section Munich tramway car in Martin-Greif-Straße, close to Bayerstraße. All 13 passengers and 7 crew members on the plane died. 32 people on the ground were killed and 20 were injured.[1] A section of the wing crashed through the roof of a building at Hermann-Lingg-Straße, a block away from the main accident site, without injuring anybody there. Time magazine later reported that all 13 passengers on the Convair were holiday-bound University of Maryland students. AircraftThe accident aircraft, Convair C-131D-CO Samaritan, (c/n 212, company designation: Model 340-79), was a twin piston engined military transport with seating for 44 passengers. Given the military serial number 55-0291, the aircraft was the first United States Air Force C-131 to be based in Europe, at RAF Northolt, where it was under command of the 7500th Air Base Group, 3rd Air Force, U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE).[3] InvestigationA crash investigation revealed water in the fuel tank booster pump.[2] Because water is more dense than fuel it can settle to the bottom of the tank, into the pump inlets; when it freezes it blocks inlets and deprives the engine of fuel. This deprivation of fuel caused the Munich C-131 to lose power and eventually shut down the engine. AftermathAfter the accident, the Munich Fire & Rescue Services ordered new TLF 16 powder trucks to complement their fleet of traditional water tenders. The day before the accident, two commercial airliners collided over New York, killing 134. The accidents fueled the discussions in Munich[4] and Hamburg for building new airports further away from the cities. Due to resistance of the citizens, the new Munich airport did not commence operation until 32 years later, in 1992. Hamburg still uses Fuhlsbüttel Airport, which was founded in 1911 and is the oldest airport operating in Germany.[5] See also{{Portal|Aviation|United States Air Force|Germany|Bavaria|Royal Air Force}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Accident description|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19601217-0|website=aviation-safety.net|accessdate=28 July 2014}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=ACCIDENT DETAILS|url=http://www.planecrashinfo.com/1960/1960-68.htm|website=www.planecrashinfo.com|accessdate=28 July 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Royal Air Force Northolt Convair Feature |url=http://www.landair.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/cvr.htm |website=web.archive.org |accessdate=28 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211115718/http://www.landair.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/cvr.htm |archivedate=11 February 2008 }} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Jaentschi-Haucke|first1=Karin|title=Bezirksvereinigung Südbayern|url=http://www.vwl.uni-freiburg.de/fakultaet/vw/dvwg/suedbayern.html|website=www.vwl.uni-freiburg.de|accessdate=28 July 2014|language=German}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=History 1910 - 1916 Early history|url=http://www.ham.airport.de/en/c_history_1281.html|website=www.ham.airport.de|accessdate=28 July 2014}} Other sources
9 : Aviation accidents and incidents in Germany|History of Munich|1960 in Germany|Aviation accidents and incidents in 1960|Accidents and incidents involving United States Air Force aircraft|1960s in Munich|University System of Maryland|December 1960 events|Tram accidents |
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