“1961 in spaceflight”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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1961 in spaceflight

释义

Deep Space Rendezvous
Notable creations of orbital debris
Orbital launch summary
By country By rocket By orbit
References
Footnotes

{{dablink|For launches in the first half of the year, see 1961 in spaceflight (January–June), for launches in the second half, see 1961 in spaceflight (July–December)}}{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}{{Infobox Year in spaceflight
|year = 1961
|image = Vostok 1 after landing.jpg
|caption = The Vostok 1 spacecraft, aboard which Yuri Gagarin became the first man to orbit the Earth on 12 April 1961
|first = 31 January
|last = 22 December
|total = 50
|success = 28
|failed = 20
|partial = 2
|catalogued = 36
|firstflight = {{ITA}}
|firsttrav = {{flagcountry|USSR|1955}}
{{USA}}
|maidens = Atlas LV-3A Agena-B
Kosmos-2I 63S1
Saturn I (suborbital test)
|retired = Atlas LV-3A Agena-A
Juno II
|orbital = 2
|suborbital = 2
|totalcrew = 4
}}{{TOC limit|limit=2}}{{clear}}{{TLS-M|1961|half=yes}}

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
19 May	Venera 1	First flyby of Venus	100000\|km}}

Notable creations of orbital debris

Date/Time (UTC)	Source object	Event type	Pieces tracked	Remarks
29 June^[1]	Thor-Able upper stage of Transit 4A navigation satellite	Rocket explosion	294^[1]	First explosion of a rocket stage in orbit creating hundreds of debris pieces

Orbital launch summary

By country

Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
USSR\|1955}}	9	5	4	0
{{USA}}	41	23	16	2

By rocket

Rocket	Country	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Atlas LV-3A Agena-A	{{USA}}	1	1	0	0	Retired
Atlas LV-3A Agena-B	{{USA}}	7	2	4	1	Maiden flight
Atlas LV-3B	{{USA}}	3	2	1	0	First orbital launch
RM-90 Blue Scout II	{{USA}}	1	0	1	0	First orbital launch
Juno II	{{USA}}	3	1	2	0	Retired
Kosmos-2I 63S1	USSR\|1955}}	2	0	2	0	Maiden flight
Molniya 8K78	USSR\|1955}}	2	1	1	0
Scout X-1	{{USA}}	3	1	2	0
Thor DM-21 Ablestar	{{USA}}	3	2	0	1
Thor DM-21 Agena-B	{{USA}}	17	11	6	0
Thor DM-19 Delta	{{USA}}	3	3	0	0
Vostok-K 8K72K	USSR\|1955}}	5	4	1	0

By orbit

Orbital regime	Launches	Achieved	Not Achieved	Accidentally Achieved	Remarks
Low Earth	41	28	13	3
Medium Earth	1	1	0	0
High Earth	6	2	4	0	Including Highly elliptical orbits
Heliocentric	2	1	1	0

References

Footnotes

1. ^¹{{cite book|url=http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/TP-1999-208856.pdf |title=Orbital Debris: A Chronology |page=18 |publisher=NASA JSC |date=January 1999 |accessdate=13 February 2016 |quote=Two hours after separating from the U.S. Transit 4-A satellite, its Able Star upper stage becomes the first known artificial object to break up unintentionally in space. The cause of the explosion is unknown. The event produces at least 294 trackable pieces, more than tripling the number of known satellites of Earth. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000901071135/http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/TP-1999-208856.pdf |archivedate=1 September 2000 |df= }}

2 : 1961 in spaceflight|Years in spaceflight

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