| 词条 | Gene Miles (activist) |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox person | name = Gene Miles | image = | alt = | caption = Gene Miles in 1966 | birth_name = | birth_date = 1930 | birth_place = | death_date = December 8, 1972 (approx. 42 years) | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = Political activist | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = }}Gene Miles (1930 - December 8, 1972) was a political activist from Trinidad and Tobago.[1] She is recognized for her testimony in the 1967 Commission of Enquiry into the corruption surrounding the granting of gas station licenses.[2] Miles’ testimony resulted in the firing of the Senior Factory Inspector.[2] She is considered to be a strong figure of the resistance to governmental corruption[3] and the Commission at which she testified is seen as one of the most significant in the history of Trinidad and Tobago.[4][5] Early lifeGene Miles was born in Port of Spain in 1930 to Ruby and Randolph Miles. In 1947 the family moved to Glencoe, a quiet middle-class neighbourhood on the North Western Peninsula of Trinidad. Gene attended Sacred Heart primary school before attending high school at St. Joseph's Convent, Port of Spain.[1] After graduating from high school, Gene joined the civil service at the Ministry of Education and Culture. In 1962 she was transferred to the Ministry of Petroleum and Mines, and then to the Factory Inspectorate under the Labour Department as First Class Clerk.[1][2] The Commission of EnquiryThe Commission of Enquiry into the Circumstances Surrounding the Sales, Leases and Other Transfers of Gasolene Stations or Sites for Gasolene Stations since 1961 and the Procedure Followed in the Granting of Licenses for the Operation of Such Stations was appointed on the 23 June 1966. The Commission was headed by Mr. Justice Karl de la Bastide and tasked with investigating the sales and leases of gasolene stations.[2]During the period investigated by the Commission, BP Caribbean entered the Petroleum Marketing Industry of Trinidad and Tobago and the government contemplated stricter measures for the granting of licenses under Section 17 of the Petroleum Ordinance 26 No. 2. Additionally, a Senior Factory Inspector with sole discretion in the granting of station licenses was appointed. As a result, petroleum dealers, began to speculate in gasolene station sites.[2] This speculation was heavily financed by petroleum marketing companies that could not plausibly recover their investment but enjoyed a generous tax deduction known as a “submarine well allowance” to offset the cost. As a result, the government incentives offered to encourage offshore oil production were being used to subsidize investment in unprofitable gasolene stations and station sites.[2] The Factory Inspectorate assumed responsibility for the administration of the Petroleum Ordinance 26 No. 2 in 1948. At the time of the expiration of licenses at the end of the calendar year, regulations required that applications, including a fee, be made to the Senior Factory Inspector. Between 1961 and 1963 there was an uncontrolled increase in the number of gasolene station licenses issued that resulted in the unsafe clustering of gasolene stations. During the same period the Senior Factory Inspector, Mr. Kenneth Tam, adopted a new policy of approving licenses by site rather than applicant name. As a result, several individuals applied for and received approval to operate on the same site. The new policy also did not require that applicant to hold legal titles to the site before applying.[1] Testimony to the CommissionIn her testimony to the Commission, Gene Miles used her position as a clerical officer to name and accuse senior officials in the Department of the Senior Factory Inspector of wrongdoing.[5] According to her testimony, she had refused to show confidential documents to oil company officials, as instructed by her superiors. She alleged that she had overheard a conversation in which a woman asked the Chief Factory Inspector Kenneth Tam, if he had received the two documents and that he looked confused when he saw that she had heard. She claimed to have found discrepancies between the official plans for the gas station sites and the register of applications, suggesting corruption in the application process.[1] The Commission ReportAccording to the report Gene Miles, the Clerical Officer in the Department of the Senior Factory Inspector, testified that the senior inspector Kenneth Tam, had been dishonest in his practices. She claimed that as a result of her testimony, Tam had retaliated against her by giving her a poor confidential report, causing her annual increments to be withheld. The reprisals ultimately led to her transfer from the department. According to the Commissioner, Miles' allegations were not contradicted and appeared to be supported by Public Service Regulations. According to the Commission, Kenneth Tam admitted that his report might have contributed to the cessation of the increments. The Commission noted that these events occurred simultaneously the testimony Miss Miles’ testimony against Mr Tam and that her testimony has since been substantiated. The Commission also noted that another member of the department appeared to have been similarly victimised. Aftermath of the CommissionShortly after the commission started sitting, Gene and her mother were robbed at gunpoint by two men but were not harmed; she was also alleged to have received abusive phone calls. Her personal campaign to have the report of the Commission published resulted in her becoming the subject of vicious slander.[1][5][6] She was dismissed from the public service without benefits.[1] According to Raffique Shah, Miles had been conducting an affair with a senior government official, stating that "not even her relationship with the notorious John O'Halloran could save her from the might of the PNM" and that she died "a virtual vagrant, pauperised and made an outcast by the same Williams who had attacked corruption with full force-before he came to power!".[5] She began to drink and occasionally had to be carried home off the streets.[1] She was eventually spent short periods in both a nursing home and mental hospital. Eventually, though not bed-ridden, she became very ill and was said to be suicidal.[1] She died in her sleep of heart complications at age forty-two.[1] LegacyMiles has secured a place in the national lore of Trinidad and Tobago as a whistle-blower and a symbol of resistance. In 2011 she was the subject of a one-woman theatrical production entitled Gene Miles – the Woman of the World starring Cecilia Salazar[7][8]. The play was authored and directed by playwright Tony Hall. It tells Miles’ life story while exploring contemporary themes of governance and corruption.[9] The play also draws parallels between Gene and her father Ranny Miles, an Ministry of Works accountant who was instrumental in uncovering the Caura Dam Racket. Miles' name has become synonymous with anti-corruption efforts. More specifically, she is associated closely with those whose suffer characters assassination, social ostracism, depression and death as a result of the stand they take against government level impropriety.[5] Her actions and legacy have been interpreted less favourably by others. During the attempted coup of 1990, insurrectionist Yasin Abu Bakr seized control of the national Trinidad and Tobago Television Station during the 7 pm newscast. During his speech he mentioned plans by then Prime Minister ANR Robinson to immortalize Miles with a statue, as a primary impetus for the overthrow of the government.[10][11] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite book|title=The Story of Gene Smiles and the Gas Station Racket.|last=DeVertieul|first=Anthony|publisher=Paria Publishing Co. Ltd.|year=1981|isbn=|location=Port of Spain|pages=49}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Miles, Gene}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite book|title=Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Circumstances Surrounding the Sales, Leases and Other Transfers of Gasolene Stations or Sites for Gasolene Stations since 1961 and the Procedure Followed in the Granting of Licenses for the Operation of Such Stations.|last=Government of Trinidad and Tobago|first=|publisher=Government of Trinidad and Tobago|year=1967|isbn=|location=Port of Spain|pages=9}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://archives.newsday.co.tt/2012/10/15/i-beg-to-disagree/|title="I Beg to Disagree"|last=Ferreira|first=Ferdie|date=October 15, 2012|work=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday|access-date=}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.iramathur.org/Articles/702_WM23.03.14.htm|title="Have Women Come a Long Way in TT?"|last=Mathur|first=Ira|date=23 March 2014|website=Ira's Room (blog)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=7 May 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|url=https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1136&context=open_access_etds|title="Women and Resistance in the African Diaspora, with Special Focus on the Caribbean (Trinidad and Tobago) and U.S.A". (M.Sc. thesis).|last=Johnson Washington|first=Clare|publisher=Portland State University|year=2010|isbn=|location=Portland|pages=51}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/news/2017-06-18/ferdie’s-behind-scenes-account-pnm-politics|title="Ferdie’s Behind-the-Scenes Account of PNM Politics."|last=Julien|first=Joel|date=18 June 2017|work=Trinidad and Tobago Guardian|access-date=7 May 2018}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title=Gene Miles: the Woman of the World.|last=Hall|first=Tony|publisher=(performance)|date=10 November 2011|isbn=|location=Little Carib Theatre: Port of Spain|pages=}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=http://archives.newsday.co.tt/2011/11/10/salazar-triumphs-as-miss-miles/|title="Salazar Triumphs as ‘Miss Miles’"|last=Hilton|first=Anne|date=10 November 2011|work=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday|access-date=7 May 2018}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.tt/life-lead/2017-12-14/gene-miles-and-theatrical-realism|title="Gene Miles and Theatrical Realism"|last=Gibbings|first=Wesley|date=14 December 2017|work=Trinidad and Tobago Guardian|access-date=7 May 2018}} 10. ^{{Cite book|title=The failure of the Abu Bakr Coup: Plural Society, Cultural Traditions and Political Development in Trinidad. In A. Payne & P. Sutton (Eds.) Size and Survival: The Politics of Security in the Caribbean and the Pacific.|last=Ragoonath|first=Bishnu|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=35}} 11. ^{{Cite book|title=Report of the Commission of Enquiry to Enquire into the Events Surrounding the Attempted Coup Which Occurred in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago on 27th July, 1990.|last=Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago,|first=|publisher=Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago|year=2010|isbn=|location=Port of Spain|pages=}} 5 : 1930 births|1972 deaths|People from Port of Spain|Political activists|Trinidad and Tobago women |
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