“1965 in the United Kingdom”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Events

1 January – introduction of the new "Worboys Committee" road signs.

7 January – identical twin brothers Ronnie and Reggie Kray, 31, are arrested on suspicion of running a protection racket in London.^[1]

14 January – the Prime Ministers of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years.

15 January – Sir Winston Churchill is reported to be seriously ill after suffering a stroke.

24 January – Sir Winston Churchill dies aged ninety at Chartwell, his Kent home of more than forty years.

30 January – thousands attend Winston Churchill's state funeral in London. During the three days of lying-in-state, 321,000 people file past the catafalque, and the funeral procession travels from Westminster Hall to the service at St Paul's Cathedral, attended by HM the Queen, Prime Minister Harold Wilson, and representatives of 112 countries.^[2] He is buried privately at Bladon near his family's ancestral home in Oxfordshire.

31 January – National Health Service prescription charges end.

1 February – the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh arrive in Ethiopia on a state visit.

4 February – Confederation of British Industry founded.^[3]

6 February – Sir Stanley Matthews plays his final First Division game, at the record age of 50 years and 5 days.

16 February – the British Railways Board (chairman: Richard Beeching) publishes The Development of the Major Trunk Routes proposing which lines should receive investment (and, by implication, which should not).^[4]

18 February – The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.^[5]

3 March – the remains of Roger Casement, from Pentonville Prison, are reburied in Dublin.

11 March – Goldie, a London Zoo golden eagle, is recaptured after thirteen days of freedom.^[6]

19 March – a record price of 760,000 guineas is paid at Christie's for Rembrandt's Titus.

23 March – Dr. Dorothy Hodgkin is appointed a member of the Order of Merit.

1 April

The Greater London Council comes into its powers, replacing the London County Council and greatly expanding the metropolitan area of the city.^[3]
Finance Act introduces corporation tax, replacing income tax for corporate institutions.

6 April – government publicly announces cancellation of the BAC TSR-2 nuclear bomber aircraft project.^[7]

23 April – the Pennine Way officially opens.^[5]

26 April – Manchester United win the Football League First Division title.^[8]

1 May – Liverpool win the FA Cup for the first time in their history, beating Leeds United 2–1 at Wembley Stadium. Roger Hunt and Ian St John score for Liverpool, while Billy Bremner scores the consolation goal for Leeds.^[9]

7 May – the Rhodesian Front under Prime Minister Ian Smith wins a landslide election victory in Rhodesia.^[10]

11 May – the National Trust officially launches its long-term Enterprise Neptune project to acquire or put under covenant a substantial part of the Welsh, English and Northern Irish coastline.^[11] Whiteford Burrows on the Gower Peninsula is considered the first property to be acquired under the campaign^[12] although its purchase was announced on 1 January.^[13]

13 May – the Conservatives make big gains at the UK local government elections.

17 May – an underground explosion at Cambrian Colliery in Clydach Vale kills 31.^[14]

18 May – the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh begin a 10-day state visit to the Federal German Republic.

19 May – West Ham United F.C. become the second British club to win a European trophy, defeating West German 1860 Munich 2–0 at Wembley Stadium.

3 June – the bank rate is reduced to 6 per cent.

17 June – London premiere of Frank Marcus' farce The Killing of Sister George (at the Duke of York's Theatre), one of the first mainstream British plays with lesbian characters.^[15] Beryl Reid plays the title role. The play previewed in April at the Bristol Old Vic.

18 June – the government announces plans for the introduction of a blood alcohol limit for drivers in its clampdown on drink driving.^[16]

22 June – the 700th anniversary of Parliament is celebrated.

6 July – 1965 Little Baldon Hastings accident: a Royal Air Force Handley Page Hastings crashes at Little Baldon, Oxfordshire, just after takeoff from RAF Abingdon on a parachute training exercise, killing all 41 men on board.

8 July – Great Train Robber Ronnie Biggs escapes from Wandsworth Prison.^[17]

12 July – the Secretary of State for Education and Science, Tony Crosland, issues Circular 10/65 requesting local authorities to convert their schools to the Comprehensive system.^[18]

22 July – Sir Alec Douglas-Home suddenly resigns as Leader of the Conservative Party.^[19]

24 July – Freddie Mills, former British boxing champion, is found shot in his car in Soho, dying the next day.^[5]

27 July – Edward Heath becomes Leader of the Conservative Party following its first leadership election by secret ballot.^[20]

29 July – the Beatles film Help! debuts in London.^[5]

1 August

Cigarette advertising is banned from British television.^[5]
Radio and television licence fees are increased.

3 August – "The Queen's Award to Industry" for export and technological advancements is created.

6 August

Elizabeth Lane appointed as the first female High Court judge, assigned to the Family Division.
Peter Watkins' The War Game, a television docu-drama depicting the aftermath of a nuclear attack on the UK, is pulled from its planned transmission as BBC1's The Wednesday Play for political reasons. It will go on to win the 1966 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. It would eventually be broadcast twenty years later.

20 August – the Rolling Stones' "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" is released in the UK.

21 August – Charlton Athletic F.C. player Keith Peacock becomes the first substitute to appear in a Football League match.^[21]

2 September – Sir Harry Hylton-Foster, Speaker of the House of Commons, dies in office.

16 September – UK release of the film Darling starring Julie Christie.

21 September – British Petroleum's oil platform Sea Gem strikes natural gas in the North Sea oil field.

24 September – the British governor of Aden cancels the Aden constitution and takes direct control of the protectorate, due to the bad security situation.

30 September – first episode of ATV 'Supermarionation' series Thunderbirds airs.

October – Corgi Toys introduce the all-time best-selling model car, James Bond's Aston Martin DB5 from the film Goldfinger.^[22]

7 October – Ian Brady, a 27-year-old stock clerk from Hyde in Cheshire, is charged with the murder of 17-year-old apprentice electrician Edward Evans at a house on the Hattersley housing estate last night.

8 October – the Post Office Tower opens in London.^[5]

15 October - 150 police officers are drafted in to search Saddleworth Moor for the bodies of up to 11 missing people, mostly children or teenagers, who are believed to be buried there. The suspect in the murders is Ian Brady, charged with the murder of 17-year-old Edward Evans eight days ago. His 23-year-old girlfriend Myra Hindley has also since been charged with the murder.^[23]

16 October – police find a girl's body on Saddleworth Moor.

17 October - The body found on Saddleworth Moor yesterday is identified as that of 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey, who disappeared on Boxing Day last year from a fairground in the Ancoats area of Manchester.^[24]

18 October – the Magic Roundabout premieres on BBC One at 17.50 local time.

20 October – It is reported that suspected mass murderer Ian Brady tortured his victims and tape-recorded the attacks on them. Detectives in Brady's native Scotland are also reportedly investigating the disappearance of 12-year-old Moira Anderson in Lanarkshire eight years ago as a possible link to Brady.^[25]

21 October – Ian Brady and Myra Hindley are charged with the murder of Lesley Ann Downey and remanded in custody.^[26]

22 October –

- African countries demand that the United Kingdom use force to prevent Rhodesia from declaring unilateral independence.
- Ian Brady and Myra Hindley are charged with the murder of Lesley Ann Downey.^[27]

24 October

Prime Minister Harold Wilson and Arthur Bottomley travel to Rhodesia for negotiations.
Police find the decomposed body of a boy on Saddleworth Moor. The body is identified as that of John Kilbride, a 12-year-old boy who disappeared from Ashton-Under-Lyne in November 1963.

29 October – Ian Brady and Myra Hindley are charged with the murder of John Kilbride.

31 October - The police search of Saddleworth Moor concludes after 16 days, although media reports suggests that police suspect that more bodies may be buried on the moors.

[28]

5 November – martial law is announced in Rhodesia. The UN General Assembly accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary by a vote of 82-9.

8 November

The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands (on 23 June 1976 Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches are returned to Seychelles).
The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act suspends capital punishment for murder in England, Scotland and Wales, for five years in the first instance, replacing it with a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment.^[3]
The Race Relations Act outlaws public racial discrimination.^[3]

11 November – in Rhodesia, the white minority regime of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence.^[29]

13 November – the word "fuck" is spoken for the first time on British television by the theatre critic Kenneth Tynan.^[5]

20 November – the UN Security Council recommends that all states stop trading with Rhodesia.

29 November – Mary Whitehouse founds the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association.^[5]

December

EMI release Jacqueline du Pré's recording of Elgar's Cello Concerto with John Barbirolli and the London Symphony Orchestra.
National Coal Board closes the last deep coal mine in the Forest of Dean (Northern United at Cinderford).^[30]

3 December – the first British aid flight arrives in Lusaka; Zambia has asked for British help against Rhodesia.

12 December – the Beatles' final live UK tour concludes with two performances at the Capitol, Cardiff.^[31]

15 December – Tanzania and Guinea sever diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom.

17 December – the UK government begins an oil embargo against Rhodesia; the United States joins the effort.

22 December

A 70mph speed limit is imposed on UK roads.^[5]
A reorganisation of the cabinet sees Roy Jenkins appointed Home Secretary and Barbara Castle as Minister of Transport.

24 December – a meteorite shower falls on Barwell, Leicestershire.^[5]

27 December – the British oil platform Sea Gem collapses in the North Sea, killing thirteen of the 32 men aboard it.^[32]

30 December – President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia announces that Zambia and the United Kingdom have agreed to a deadline before which the Rhodesian white minority-rule government should be ousted.

Undated

The Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) is introduced as a school-leaving qualification in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The Council for National Academic Awards is established.

Redundancy Payments Act gives statutory rights to redundancy payments.^[33]

Rent Act passed.

First national Building Regulations for England and Wales are made.

Mary Quant introduces the miniskirt from her shop Bazaar on the Kings Road in Chelsea, London.^[34]^[35]^[36]

The motorway network continues to expand with the Preston-Lancaster section of the M6 opening in January, the M4 being expanded from Slough to London in March, a motorway section of the A1 opening in County Durham in May, the M1 being expanded from Rugby to Kegworth (Leicestershire) in November, along with a four-mile stretch of the M5 west of Birmingham, as well as the first phase of motorway in Scotland with the M8 as well as the expansion of the M2 through Kent.^[37]

The Rotunda landmark office building completed in Birmingham city centre.

Toyota, the Japanese industrial giant, begins importing passenger cars to the United Kingdom when its Corona family saloon – similar in size to the Ford Cortina – is launched.^[38]

Asda opens its first supermarket in Castleford, Yorkshire.^[39]

PizzaExpress opens its first restaurant, in London.

German carmaker Audi begins importing cars to Britain, with its F103 range of family saloon cars.^[40]

The first hatchback production car, the French built Renault 16, goes on sale in Britain.^[41]

In fiction – Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright return to the earth after travelling with The Doctor (Doctor Who).

Publications

Agatha Christie's Miss Marple novel At Bertram's Hotel.

Ian Fleming's James Bond novel The Man with the Golden Gun.

John Fowles's novel The Magus.

David Lodge’s novel The British Museum Is Falling Down.

W. Keble Martin's Flora The Concise British Flora in Colour.

Men's magazine Mayfair (begins August).

Births

4 January

Beth Gibbons, trip hop singer (Portishead)
Cait O'Riordan, Nigeria-born British-Irish folk punk bass guitar player and songwriter
Julia Ormond, actress
Rob Wilson, politician

5 January – Vinnie Jones, footballer and actor

9 January – Joely Richardson, actress

14 January

Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, chef
Slick Rick, British-American rapper

15 January – James Nesbitt, Northern Irish actor

20 January – Sophie, Countess of Wessex, née Rhys-Jones

27 January – Alan Cumming, Scottish actor

February – Alison Brittain, née Hopkins, business executive

2 February – Carl Airey, footballer

5 February – Martha Fiennes, film director

26 February – Alison Armitage, English model and actress

28 February – Norman Smiley, wrestler

4 March

Paul W. S. Anderson, filmmaker, producer and screenwriter
Andrew Collins, radio DJ and journalist

11 March – Lawrence Llewelyn-Bowen, television presenter

14 March – Caroline Foot, butterfly swimmer

15 March – Michael Watson, boxer

26 March – Kerry McCarthy, Labour politician and MP for Bristol East

28 March – Steve Bull, footballer

30 March – Piers Morgan, tabloid journalist

1 April – Robert Steadman, composer

4 April – Sean Wilson, actor

27 April – Anna Chancellor, actress

1 May – Alice Beer, television presenter

3 May – Michael Marshall Smith, novelist, screenwriter and short story writer

10 May – Darren Matthews, professional wrestler

15 May – Christina Lamb, journalist

17 May – Jeremy Vine, BBC radio and television presenter

31 May – Steve White, drummer (The Style Council)

1 June – Nigel Short, chess player

3 June – Jonathan Djanogly, lawyer and politician

7 June – Damien Hirst, artist

10 June – Elizabeth Hurley, model and actress

19 June – Sadie Frost, fashion designer and actress

30 June - Gary Pallister, footballer

4 July – Jo Whiley, radio DJ

11 July – Tony Cottee, footballer

15 July – David Miliband, Labour MP

16 July – Dinah Rose, QC

18 July – Steve Webb, English academic and politician

31 July – J. K. Rowling, born Joanne Rowling, English author

1 August – Sam Mendes, English stage and film director

4 August – Adam Afriyie, Conservative politician and MP for Windsor

6 August – Mark Speight, television presenter (died 2008)

28 August – Paul Brummell, diplomat and Ambassador to Kazakhstan

2 September – Lennox Lewis, boxer

29 September – Phylis Smith, athlete and Olympic medallist

14 October – Steve Coogan, comedian and actor

15 October – Stephen Tompkinson, actor

16 October – Steve Lamacq, radio DJ

22 October – John Wesley Harding, born Wesley Stace, singer-songwriter

30 October – Gavin Rossdale, English musician

4 November – Shaun Williamson, actor

10 November

Sean Hughes, comedian (died 2017)
Eddie Irvine, Northern Irish racecar driver

12 November – Eddie Mair, BBC radio and television presenter

14 November – Greg Hands, politician

16 November – Mark Benton, actor

21 November – Alexander Siddig, Sudanese-born actor

29 November – Lauren Child, children's fiction writer and illustrator

9 December – Paul Jenkins, comic book writer

12 December – Will Carling, English rugby player

13 December – Kate Peyton, journalist (murdered 2005)

25 December – Edward Davey, Liberal Democrat politician, MP for Kingston and Surbiton

Deaths

4 January – T. S. Eliot, American-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1888)

24 January – Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (born 1874)

28 January – Tich Freeman, English cricketer (born 1888)

23 February – Stan Laurel, English-born comic film actor (born 1890)

28 March

Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, 6th Princess Royal (born 1897)
Richard Beesly, British Olympic gold medal rower. (born 1907)

21 April – Sir Edward Victor Appleton, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1892)

3 May – Howard Spring, Welsh-born novelist (born 1889)

21 May – Sir Geoffrey de Havilland, aircraft designer (born 1882)

5 June – Eleanor Farjeon, author of children's literature (born 1881)

8 June – Cecil L'Estrange Malone, British politician and Britain's first communist Member of Parliament (born 1890)

1 July – Wally Hammond, English cricketer (born 1903)

25 July – Freddie Mills, English boxer (born 1919)

2 September – Harry Hylton-Foster, Speaker of the British House of Commons (born 1905)

14 September – J.W. Hearne English cricketer (born 1891)

20 September – Arthur Holmes, geologist (born 1890)

25 September – Major-General Sir Henry Hugh Tudor, British soldier (born 1871)

22 October – William Williams, Victoria Cross recipient (born 1890)

4 November – Ifor Williams, academic (born 1881)

8 November – George Henry Hall, politician (born 1881)

25 November – Dame Myra Hess, English pianist (born 1890)

16 December – W. Somerset Maugham, English writer (born 1874)

17 December – Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay, army officer (born 1887)

22 December – Richard Dimbleby, journalist and broadcaster (born 1913)

26 December – Llewelyn Alberic Emilius Price-Davies, Victoria Cross recipient (born 1878)

28 December – Jeremy Wolfenden, journalist and spy (born 1934)

References

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13. ^{{cite news|title=Trust Buys Gower Coast Estate|work=The Times|date=1965-01-01|issue=56208|page=5}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Death Roll, Cambrian Colliery, Explosion, 1965|first=Bill|last=Richards|work=Welsh Coal Mines|url=http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/deathrolls/Cambrian.htm|accessdate=2010-10-14}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=Comedy Fulfilment Of New Writer|work=The Times|date=1965-06-18|page=15|issue=56351}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/18/newsid_2562000/2562711.stm|title=1965: Drink-drive limit to be introduced|work=BBC News|accessdate=2008-01-15|date=18 June 1965}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/8/newsid_2706000/2706659.stm|title=Ronald Biggs escapes from jail|work=BBC News|accessdate=2008-01-15|date=8 July 1965}}
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20. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/27/newsid_2956000/2956082.stm|title=Heath is new Tory leader|work=BBC News|accessdate=2008-01-15|date=27 July 1965}}
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24. ^{{cite news|title=Police Hunt Victims of Mass Killer|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KDo0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=H-sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4559,664993&dq=manchester&hl=en|newspaper=The Miami News|date=17 October 1965|accessdate=2012-03-30}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Sadist Tapes Dying Scream|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8D9QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=W1cDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6718,3436658&dq=manchester&hl=en|newspaper=Evening Independent|location=St. Petersburg, Florida|date=20 October 1965|page=1|accessdate=2012-03-30}}
26. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8T9QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=W1cDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3914,3764033&dq=manchester&hl=en|title=2 Charged On Murder Of Girl, 10|newspaper=Evening Independent|location=St. Petersburg, Florida|date=21 October 1965|page=18|accessdate=2012-03-30}}
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31. ^{{cite web|title=Live: Capitol Cinema, Cardiff|work=The Beatles Bible|url=http://www.beatlesbible.com/1965/12/12/live-capitol-cinema-cardiff-3/|date=1965-12-12|accessdate=2014-02-19}}
32. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/27/newsid_4630000/4630741.stm|title=Sea Gem oil rig collapses|work=BBC News|accessdate=2008-01-15|date=27 December 1965|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071230073407/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/27/newsid_4630000/4630741.stm|archivedate=30 December 2007|deadurl=no}}
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34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fashion-era.com/the_1960s_mini.htm|title=The 60s Mini Skirt Fashion History – Mary Quant|accessdate=2010-06-23}}
35. ^{{cite book|first=Ros|last=Horton|author2=Simmons, Sally|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7LYLOj2APSsC&pg=PA170&dq=mary+quant+mini+skirt&hl=en&ei=IEcVTOOdH93GOLuepYEM&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mary%20quant%20mini%20skirt&f=false|title=Women Who Changed the World|accessdate=2010-06-23}}
36. ^{{cite book|first=Barry|last=Miles|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r8xbaIlrUREC&pg=PA203&dq=mary+quant+miniskirt+named+after+car&hl=en&ei=TE8VTPbFFMmaONKjgYgD&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mary%20quant%20miniskirt%20named%20after%20car&f=false|title=The British Invasion: the Music, the Times, the Era|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|accessdate=2010-06-23}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/chronology/1965|title=1965|work=cbrd|accessdate=2018-07-21}}
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Incumbents