| 词条 | George Anson Pease |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = George Anson Pease | honorific_suffix = | image = George A. Pease (steamboat captain).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = September 30, 1830 | birth_place = Stuyvesant Landing, Columbia County, New York State | death_date = {{Death date and age|1919|01|22|1830|09|30}} | death_place = Portland, OR | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | years_active = | employer = | organization = | known_for = River navigation | notable_works = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | title = | predecessor = | successor = | party = Republican | movement = | opponents = | boards = | religion = | denomination = | spouse = Mildred A. Moore | children = Archibald Leon Pease, Harriet M. Pease Colbert, Francis A. Pease, and George E. Pease | parents = Norman Pease and Harriet McAllister | relatives = | awards = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} George Anson Pease was a well-known steamboat captain in the Pacific Northwest region on the United States, who was active from the earliest days of steamboat navigation on the Willamette River in the 1850s. He worked in various roles until the early 1900s, commanding numerous vessels during that time. During a flood in 1861, while in command of the sternwheeler Onward, Pease rescued 40 people from a flood in the area of Salem, Oregon. FamilyGeorge Anson Pease was born at Stuyvesant Landing, Columbia County, New York State, on September 30, 1830.[1] His father was Norman Pease (b. 1805;[2] d. Jan 4, 1847, age 43), who was an architect and builder in New York State.[1] His mother was Harriet McAllister, who moved to Oregon in 1862 from New York, and who died in 1890, at Oregon City, Oregon, at the age of 90 years.[1] Pease, the oldest of the family, had six siblings, one of whom died in infancy.[1] The others, all sisters, were:
Education and trainingPease and his sisters were all educated in the subscription schools of New York State.[1] At age fifteen he started working with his father to learn the carpenter and joiner's trade.[1] When his father died, in 1847, Pease completed his apprenticeship with another man.[1] Move to CaliforniaIn 1849, news of the California Gold Rush induced Pease to go to the west, by way of a ship around Cape Horn.[1] Pease arrived on September 30, 1849.[1] Pease worked in the mines for a while, where he achieved some success in the following winter, but he was cheated by his partner, and ended up with nothing.[1] Relocation to OregonPease then went north to the Oregon Territory, arriving July, 1850 on the brig Annie E. Maine, crossing the Columbia River bar on July 21.[1][2] Pease bought a pair of flatboats and ran them on the Willamette River from Milwaukie, Oregon to Oregon City and later from Portland.[1] Pease began in a keel-boat in 1850, taking freight from Portland to Oregon City for $20 a ton.[2] The boat was propelled by Native Americans with poles, oars and sails.[2] Steamboat careerWhen in 1851, the first steamboat, the sidewheeler Canemah was brought to the upper Willamette River, Pease became a deckhand and a clerk on the vessel for six months.[1] He also served on the early Willamette steamers Hoosier, Oregon, and Franklin.[1] In the summer of 1852, Pease supervised the construction of the sidewheeler Oregon, at Fairfield Landing, on the Willamette River.[3] Elk was built in 1857 at Canemah, Oregon by Capt. Christian E. Sweitzer (1829-1860),[4] François X. Matthieu, George A. Pease (1830-1919), and John Marshall[5]In 1858, with others Pease bought Elk, and, in 1860, Onward[1] In 1860 Pease help build, and owned five-ninths, of the steamer Enterprise.[2] Pease ran Enterprise for two years and placed it into the People's Transportation Company, which had been organized in 1862.[2] Also in 1860, Rival was built at Oregon City, Oregon by William and John Dement, two brothers who were merchants in Oregon City, and Capt. George A. Pease, who became her first captain.[6] During the great flood of the Willamette River in November and December 1861, which among other things destroyed Champoeg and Linn City the steamer Onward, under Captain Pease, was able to run through the streets of Salem to rescue people. For Onward this started out as a routine upriver journey from Canemah. The river was cluttered with debris from riverside houses and landings that had been washed downstream by the flood. By the time Onward reached Salem, her ordinary commercial operation turned into one of rescuing people from the flooded city.[7] In 1863, Pease built a new independent steamer, also named Enterprise, at Canemah, Oregon.[32] Pease was backed by a company formed by his brother in law, Capt. Charles. W. Pope (1831-1871), Capt. Nat H. Lane, Sr. (1823-1878), C. Friendly, Judge Riley E. Stratton, C. Crawford, James Wilson, C.W. Rea, and S. Ellsworth.[8] The new Enterprise was launched in November 1863, and ran independently for a short time under Pease. Pease become connected with the People’s Transportation Company in 1865.[2] For some years the captain was a member of the board of directors, but in 1871, all the assets of the P.T. Company were sold to Benjamin Holladay[1][2] Pease remained in his employ as superintendent of Holladay’s river lines.[1][2] Pease also supervised for Holladay the construction of large hotel at Clatsop Beach, in 1872.[2] Holladay afterward sold out to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company.[1] Pease stayed on as a captain for O.S.N.[1] In 1875 Pease ran Bonita from Portland to Astoria, Oregon for O.S.N.[2] After this he ran Dixie Thompson and Emma Hayward for O.S.N. until 1878 or 1879, when he resigned and became a pilot.[1] Piloting careerIn 1888 a law was passed which provided that a ship need not take a pilot if it accepted a tow.[2] The law resulted in giving the towing on the Columbia River to the Union Pacific Railroad Company.[2] Pease was the only state-licensed pilot in their employ.[2] After some years Pease went to work for the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company.[1] In March 1889, the pilots and engineers of the Oregon Railway & Navigation company went on strike for higher wages.[9] On Friday, March 8, 1889, the pilots and the engineers appointed three men each to negotiate with the company, with George Pease being one of men selected by the pilots.[9] In 1896 Pease was appointed captain of the United States government dredge. W. S. Ladd, and remained until May. 1903, when he resigned and quit active work.[1] Mining and prospectingIn 1855 Pease went out on a gold prospecting expedition with 25 other men.[2] While they were out the Indian war broke out.[2] Pease owned some mines in Idaho.[2] Marriage and childrenIn Linn City, Oregon on December 26, 1857, Pease was married to Mildred A. Moore.[1][2] Moore had been born in Illinois and been brought to Oregon with her family when she was five years old.[1] Mildred A. Moore died in Portland on October 22, 1879.,[2] at the age thirty-seven years.[1] The couple had four children, of whom two died as children, Francis A. Pease, age six, and George E. Pease, age two.[1] The two children who survived were Archibald Leon Pease (1858-1919)[10] and Harriet M. Pease Colbert (1861-1948),[11] both of whom were married and had children as of 1904.[1] Archibald L. Pease was also a steamboat captain, who, in 1893 was the master of the side-wheeler T.J. Potter, one of the most famous steamboats to operate on the Columbia River.[2] Fraternal, social and business associationsPease became a Mason in 1855, in Oregon City, and acted as master of Multnomah Lodge, which was the oldest on the Pacific coast.[1] Pease was a charter member of Portland Masonic Lodge No. 55, and was a Royal Arch Mason, a charter member and Thirty-Second Degree Mason of the Scottish Rite and a member of the Al Kader Temple.[1] Pease was also a member of the Odd Fellows, being in 1857 secretary of Oregon Lodge No. 3, I.O.O.F.[2][12] Pease also belonged to the Pioneers' Association of Oregon and Historical Society, the Masters and Pilots' Association of United States Steam Vessels, and of the American Brotherhood of Steamboat Captains and Pilots.[1][2] Political affiliationPease was a Republican and was at one time a member of the Oregon City Council.[2] Pease was strongly pro-Union during the American Civil War. On Tuesday, June 11, 1861 in command of Onward, he carried a pro-Union crowd upriver to a large Union rally at Corvallis, Oregon, with the trip from Canemah taking two days.[13] Around the state in the summer of 1861, flag poles were being set up in various towns, on which the national colors were hoisted.[14] Confederate sympathizers in Oregon, referred to derogatorily as "secesh" by opposing Unionists,[15] occasionally replaced the flag of the Union with that of the Confederacy.[14] At the now-vanished town of Linn City, Oregon, on Monday, July 1, 1861, Pease and fellow steamboat captain James D. Miller led a group of pro-Union citizens in raising a {{convert|132|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} flag pole, at the top of which was placed a Union flag made by the women of the city. DeathPease died on January 22, 1919, in Portland, Oregon at his residence at 784 Pettigrove Street.[16] Interment was at the Mountain View Cemetery in Oregon City.[17] Vessels commanded, built, or pilotedThe following is a non-exclusive list of vessels owned (in whole or in part) commanded, built or piloted by George A. Pease. All were sternwheel river steamers, except as stated:
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 {{cite book| title = Portrait and Biographical Record of Western Oregon| url = https://archive.org/details/portraitbiographwo00inchap| chapter = CAPT. GEORGE ANSON PEASE| lccn = | isbn = | location = Chicago, IL| publisher = Chapman Publishing Co.| date = 1904| at = pgs. 381-382| nopp = yes}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 {{cite book| author1-last = Hines| author1-first = Harvey Kimball| title = An Illustrated History of the State of Oregon| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XC1IAQAAMAAJ| chapter = CAPTAIN GEORGE A. PEASE| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XC1IAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA415#v=onepage&q&f=false| lccn = | isbn = | location = Chicago, IL| publisher = Lewis Publishing Co.| date = 1893| at = p.415| nopp = yes}} 3. ^{{cite book| editor1-last = Wright| editor1-first = E.W.| title = Lewis & Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=seRDAAAAYAAJ| chapter = Chapter 2: Development of Local Marine Traffic, Building of Sailing and Steam Vessels| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=seRDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA19#v=onepage&q&f=false| lccn = 28001147| location = Portland, OR| publisher = Lewis and Dryden Printing Co.| publication-date = 1895| page = 27| nopp = yes}} 4. ^{{Find a Grave| id = 152675465| name = Capt Christian E. Sweitzer| work = | last = | first = | date = | accessdate = }} 5. ^{{cite book| author1-last = Affleck| author1-first = Edward L.| title = A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska| chapter = Part One: Chapter 2: Columbia River Waterways — List of Vessels| lccn = | isbn =0-920034-08-X| location = Vancouver, BC| publisher = Alexander Nicholls Press| date = 2000| at = p.12| nopp = yes}} 6. ^Wright, ed., Lewis & Dryden Marine History, at 92 and 108. 7. ^{{cite book| author1-last = Corning| author1-first = Howard McKinley| title = Willamette Landings -- Ghost Towns of the River| chapter = Lost Towns of Willamette Falls … Linn City, Terminal of Commerce| isbn = 0875950426| location = Portland, OR| publisher = Oregon Historical Society| publication-date = 1973| edition = 2nd| at = p.45| nopp = yes}} 8. ^1 {{cite book| editor1-last = Wright| editor1-first = E.W.| title = Lewis & Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=seRDAAAAYAAJ| chapter = The Oregon Steam Navigation Company’s Best Days, Many New Steamers on Puget Sound| chapter-url = | lccn = 28001147| location = Portland, OR| publisher = Lewis and Dryden Printing Co.| publication-date = 1895| page = 117| nopp = yes}} 9. ^1 {{Citation| title = The Company Weakens| url = http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn96061150/1889-03-10/ed-1/seq-2/| newspaper = The Daily Morning Astorian| publication-place = Astoria, OR| volume = 32| issue = 69| publication-date = Mar 10, 1889| page=1, col.1.| editor =| publisher = J.F. Halloran & Co.| nopp = yes}} 10. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/160275273 | title = Archibald Leon Pease (1858-1919) | last = | first = | date = | website = Find a Grave | publisher = | access-date = August 17, 2016 | quote = }} 11. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/65928215 | title = Hattie M. Pease Colbert (1861-1848) | last = | first = | date = | website = Find a Grave | publisher = | access-date = August 17, 2016 | quote = }} 12. ^{{Citation| title = Oregon Lodge No. 3, I.O.O.F.| type = meeting notice| url = http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83025129/1857-11-21/ed-1/seq-1/| newspaper = The Oregon Argus| publication-place = Oregon City, OR| volume = 3| issue = 32| publication-date = Nov 21, 1857| page = 1, col.1.| editor =| publisher = William L. Adams| nopp = yes}} 13. ^{{Citation| title = Great Union Meeting at Corvallis| url = http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Aimage%252Fv2%253A11A73E5827618330%2540EANX-NB-12349F01DEAF0E88%25402400946-1230508F5B066178%25401-124903E4720D8ADA%2540Great%2520Union%2520Meeting%2520at%2520Corvallis&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=0D10F2CADB4B24C0| newspaper = Morning Oregonian| publication-place = Portland, OR| volume = 1| issue = 117| publication-date = Jun 19, 1861| page=2, col.3.| editor =| publisher = Henry L. Pittock| nopp = yes}} 14. ^1 {{cite book| author1-last = Corning| author1-first = Howard McKinley| title = Willamette Landings -- Ghost Towns of the River| chapter = Lost Towns of Willamette Falls … Linn City Terminal of Commerce| isbn = 0875950426| location = Portland, OR| publisher = Oregon Historical Society| publication-date = 1973| edition = 2nd| at = p.44| nopp = yes}} 15. ^{{Citation| title = Affairs at The Dalles| type = letter to the editor dated Sep. 12, 1861| url = http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Aimage%252Fv2%253A11A73E5827618330%2540EANX-NB-1234A0B98D65E6B0%25402401035-1230509B34214E70%25401&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=0D10F2CADB4B24C0| newspaper = Morning Oregonian| publication-place = Portland, OR| volume = 1| issue = 195| publication-date = Sep 16, 1861| page=2, col. 4.| editor =| publisher = Henry L. Pittock| nopp = yes}} 16. ^{{Citation| title = CAPTAIN PEASE, 88, DIES| url = http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Aimage%252Fv2%253A11A73E5827618330%2540EANX-NB-11D0A4F1C3DFE1E0%25402421982-11D0A4F2507DB1E8%254010-11D0A4F7E9FC61F0%2540&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AMNEWS&req_dat=0D10F2CADB4B24C0| newspaper = Morning Oregonian| publication-place = Portland, OR| volume = 58| issue = 18,149| publication-date = Jan 23, 1919| page=12, col.| editor =| publisher =| nopp = yes}} 17. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/30025036 | title = Capt. George Pease (1830-1919) | last = | first = | date = | website = Find A Grave | publisher = | access-date = August 17, 2016 | quote = }} ReferencesPrinted sources
| author1-last = Affleck | author1-first = Edward L. | title = A Century of Paddlewheelers in the Pacific Northwest, the Yukon, and Alaska | chapter = | lccn = | isbn =0-920034-08-X | location = Vancouver, BC | publisher = Alexander Nicholls Press | date = 2000 | at = | nopp = yes}}
| author1-last = | author1-first = | title = Portrait and Biographical Record of Western Oregon | url = https://archive.org/details/portraitbiographwo00inchap | chapter = CAPT. GEORGE ANSON PEASE | lccn = | isbn = | location = Chicago, IL | publisher = Chapman Publishing Co. | date = 1904 | at = | nopp = yes}}
| author1-last = Corning | author1-first = Howard McKinley | title = Willamette Landings -- Ghost Towns of the River | chapter = | isbn = 0875950426 | location = Portland, OR | publisher = Oregon Historical Society | publication-date = 1973 | edition = 2nd | at = | nopp = yes}}
| author1-last = Hines | author1-first = Harvey Kimball | title = An Illustrated History of the State of Oregon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XC1IAQAAMAAJ | chapter = CAPTAIN GEORGE A. PEASE | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XC1IAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA415#v=onepage&q&f=false | lccn = | isbn = | location = Chicago, IL | publisher = Lewis Publishing Co. | date = 1893 | at = p.415 | nopp = yes}}
| author1-last = Mills | author1-first = Randall V. | author-link1 = Randall V. Mills | title = Sternwheelers up Columbia -- A Century of Steamboating in the Oregon Country | isbn = 0-8032-5874-7 | chapter = | lccn = 77007161 | location = Lincoln NE | publisher = University of Nebraska | publication-date = 1947 | pages = | nopp = yes}}
| editor1-last = Wright | editor1-first = E.W. | title = Lewis & Dryden's Marine History of the Pacific Northwest | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=seRDAAAAYAAJ | chapter = | chapter-url = | lccn = 28001147 | location = Portland, OR | publisher = Lewis and Dryden Printing Co. | publication-date = 1895 | page = | nopp = yes}} On-line newspaper collections
| url = http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu | title = Historic Oregon Newspapers | publisher = University of Oregon | accessdate = }}{{Willamette River Steamboats}}{{Columbia River Steamboats}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pease, George}} 10 : People's Transportation Company|Oregon Steam Navigation Company|Steamboats of the Willamette River|Steamboats of the Columbia River|1830 births|1919 deaths|Steamship captains|American sailors|Oregon pioneers|People from Portland, Oregon |
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