词条 | 1968 Tour de France | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = 1968 Tour de France | image = Route of the 1968 Tour de France.png | image_caption = Route of the 1968 Tour de France | image_size = 360px | series = | race_no = | series_no = | date = 27 June – 21 July | stages = 22, including four split stages | distance = 4492 | unit = km | time = 133h 49' 42" | speed = 34.894 | first = Jan Janssen | first_nat = NED | first_natvar = | first_team = Netherlands | first_color = yellow | second = Herman Van Springel | second_nat = BEL | second_natvar = | second_team = Belgium A | third = Ferdinand Bracke | third_nat = BEL | third_natvar = | third_team = Belgium B | points = Franco Bitossi | points_nat = ITA | points_natvar = | points_team = Italy | points_color = red | mountains = Aurelio González | mountains_nat = ESP | mountains_natvar = 1945 | mountains_team = Spain | sprints = Georges Vandenberghe | sprints_nat = BEL | sprints_natvar = | sprints_team = Belgium B | combination = Franco Bitossi | combination_nat = ITA | combination_natvar = | combination_team = Italy | combination_color = | team = Spain | combativity = Roger Pingeon | combativity_nat = FRA | combativity_team = France A | previous = 1967 | next = 1969 }} The 1968 Tour de France was the 55th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 27 June and July 21, with 22 stages covering a distance of {{convert|4492|km|0|abbr=on}}. Eleven national teams of 10 riders competed, with three French teams, two Belgian teams and one from Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, and a combined Swiss/Luxembourgian team. The 1968 Tour marked the first time the race end at the Vélodrome de Vincennes taking covering a distance of for the now-defunct Parc des Princes Velodrome, which served as the final stop from 1904 to 1967. The general classification was won by Jan Janssen, who overtook Herman Van Springel in the final time trial. Teams{{main list|List of teams and cyclists in the 1968 Tour de France}}The 1968 Tour started with 110 cyclists, divided into 11 teams of 10 cyclists.[1] The teams entering the race were: {{div col|colwidth=20em}}
Differences from the 1967 Tour de FranceAfter the death of Tom Simpson, doping controls had become mandatory.[1] To further protect the cyclists, it was now allowed to get water during the race, and two rest days were added.[1] To get more sponsor income, a new classification was added, the combination classification, calculated from the positions in the general, points and mountains classification.[1] The jersey of the points classification, which has been green in all other years, was red in 1968 for sponsorship reasons.[1] Route and stagesThe route for the Tour de France was announced in December 1967. At that time, the last stage was not finalized yet, because the old finish place (the Parc des Princes) was no longer available, and a new one had to be found.[2] The 1968 Tour de France started on 27 June, and had two rest days, in Royan and Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=59}}
Race overviewThe initial time trial was won by Charly Grosskost, with most favorites shortly behind him. Grosskost also won the next stage, and thus kept the lead.[1] In the first part of the third stage, a team time trial, the Belgian A team won, and because of the time bonuses Herman Vanspringel took over the lead.[1] The next stages were all flat, and the favourites were unable to gain time on each other. In the fourth stage, a group without favourites escaped and won the stage with a margin of a few minutes; Jean-Pierre Genet was the best-placed cyclist of that group, and became the new leader. A similar thing happened in the first part of the fifth stage; Georges Vandenberghe was the only cyclist who had been present in both escape groups, and he became the new leader of the general classification. Vandenberghe was now a few minutes ahead in the general classification, and kept that lead until the start of the Pyrenees after stage eleven.[1] Vandenberghe was expected to lose the lead in the twelfth stage, because he was not known to be a good climber. But he surprised, and stayed with some of the favourites, keeping the lead. In that stage, the Dutch team was reduced to four cyclists, and the leader Jan Janssen did not look strong. On the other hand, the leader of the French team Raymond Poulidor had gained time, and seemed to be the best-placed favourite, in fifth place in the general classification.[1] In the thirteenth stage, Vandenberghe again was able to stay at the front. In the last day in the Pyrenees during stage fourteen, Janssen won the stage, but won little time by that, as almost all cyclists were in the group just behind him.[1] In the fifteenth stage, Raymond Poulidor was hit by a motor, but was able to remount and reach the finish, although he lost more than a minute on his direct competitors.[1] In the sixteenth stage, French internal rivalry was dominating; while Roger Pingeon of the France A team was slowing down to drink, Lucien Aimar of the France B team attacked, and took a group of favourites with him. Although Aimar was later dropped from that group, Godefroot, Janssen, Vanspringel, Bracke and Gandarias stayed at the front, while Pingeon, Poulidor and Vandenberghe lost more than nine minutes, and were out of contention. The new leader was now Rolf Wolfshohl, with San Miguel in second place and Franco Bitossi in third place.[1] In the eighteenth stage, Pingeon fought back and escaped early in the stage. He was joined by Bitossi, who was keen on taking over the lead in the general classification. On the last climb, Bitossi was out of energy and lost considerable time. Pingeon won the stage, and San Miguel climbed up to the first place in the general classification. However, the top eight was within two minutes of each other.[1] In the nineteenth stage, San Miguel lost a little time on Vanspringel, who became the new leader. The next few stages did not change anything in the top of the general classification. The Tour ended with a time trial, and before the time trial, Herman Van Springel was leading, followed by San Miguel at 12 seconds, Janssen at 16 seconds and Bitossi at 58 seconds. Janssen won the final time trial, with Van Springel in second place, but the margin was large enough for Janssen to win the Tour.[4] DopingIn the 1968 Tour de France, 163 doping tests were performed.[5] Two returned positive:
Both were removed from the race, suspended for one month and given a fine. Classification leadershipThere were several classifications in the 1968 Tour de France, two of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[8] Additionally, there was a points classification. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification.[8] The jersey for the points classification leader was red in 1968, unlike all other years since its introduction in 1953, when it was green.[9] There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification.[8] The leader of the mountains classification, which had been calculated since 1933 but had never had a jersey, also became identifiable by a "macaron" on his jersey.[9] A newly introduced classification was the combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications. The leader was not identified by a jersey, but wore a "macaron" on their jersey.[9][10] The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but points were only awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1968, this classification had no associated jersey.[11] For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that lead this classification wore yellow caps.[12] The Switzerland/Luxembourg team finished with only two cyclists. The combativity award was given to Roger Pingeon.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=59}}
Final standingsGeneral classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Combination classification
Intermediate sprints classification
Team classification
Combativity classification
AftermathIt was the last edition in which the cyclists participated in national teams; from 1969 on, commercial teams were used. Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC|pages=32–38|first=Bill|last=McGann|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|isbn=1598586084|year=2008|title=The story of the Tour de France: 1965-2007, Volume 2}} 2. ^{{cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010814407:mpeg21:a0211|title=Finish van Tour de France probleem voor organisatie|trans-title=Finish of Tour de France problem for organisation|language=Dutch|date=13 December 1967|work=Trouw|publisher=Delpher|accessdate=10 May 2018|page=11}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1968 |title=Tour de France GC top ten |first=Arian |last=Zwegers |publisher=CVCC |accessdate=17 June 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hQnRPAvL?url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html |archivedate=10 June 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1968.php|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|title=55ème Tour de France 1968|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322022017/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1947_1977/tdf1968.php|archive-date=2012-03-22|access-date=26 September 2016|df=dmy-all|dead-url=yes}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://kranten.delpher.nl/nl/view/index/query/doping%20geschorst/coll/ddd/image/ddd:011015342:mpeg21:a0148/page/7/maxperpage/10/sortfield/date/cql/(date%20_gte_%2001-01-1968)/cql/(content%20all%20doping%20and%20geschorst)|title=Laatste controles op doping negatief|language=Dutch|publisher=Koninklijke Bibliotheek|work=Nieuwsblad van het Noorden|date=23 July 1968|accessdate=3 January 2014}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=http://kranten.delpher.nl/nl/view/index/query/samyn%20doping/coll/ddd/image/ddd:010565123:mpeg21:a0243/page/1/maxperpage/10|title=Fransman Samyn wegens doping uit de Tour|language=Dutch|publisher=Koninklijke Bibliotheek|work=Leeuwarder Courant|date=6 July 1968|accessdate=3 January 2014}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://kranten.delpher.nl/nl/view/index/query/samyn%20stablinski%20doping/coll/ddd/image/ddd:110611660:mpeg21:a0064/page/1/maxperpage/10|title=Stablinski uit de Tour verbannen|language=Dutch|publisher=Koninklijke Bibliotheek|work=De tijd|date=15 July 1968|accessdate=3 January 2014}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |title=Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success |first=Sarah |last=Christian |date=2 July 2009 |accessdate=28 April 2012 |publisher=RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209134934/http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |archivedate=9 February 2013 |df= }} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/pelotons/sets.php?s=22|title=Les maillots du Tour de France 1968|accessdate=30 August 2010|date=27 August 2007|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|language=French| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101007094918/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/pelotons/sets.php?s=22| archivedate= 7 October 2010}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/eddy/xtra_bestanden/other.htm|title=Tour Xtra: Other Classifications & Awards|first=Eddy van der|last=Mark|accessdate=28 April 2012|publisher=Chippewa Valley Cycling Club}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/eddy/xtra_bestanden/combativity.htm|title=Tour Xtra: Intermediate Sprints Classification|first=Eddy van der|last=Mark|accessdate=28 April 2012|publisher=Chippewa Valley Cycling Club}} 12. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.faqs.org/faqs/bicycles-faq/part1/section-20.html#b|title=The Tour de France complete book of cycling|first=David|last=Chauner|author2=Halstead, Michael|year=1990|publisher=Villard|isbn=0679729364|accessdate=28 April 2012}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19680722&id=GVA-19680722-01013008|title=Dag na dag en rit na rit in de Tour|language=Dutch|trans-title=Day after day and stage after stage in the Tour|work=Gazet van Antwerpen|date=22 July 1968|accessdate=10 May 2018|page=13}} 14. ^{{cite web|last=van den Akker|first=Pieter|title=Informatie over de Tour de France van 1968|trans-title=Information about the Tour de France from 1968|url=http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1968|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302050935/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1968|archivedate=2 March 2019|language=Dutch|website=TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl|accessdate=2 March 2019|dead-url=no}} 15. ^{{cite news|last=Cunningham|first=Josh|title=History of the Tour de France jerseys|url=http://www.cyclist.co.uk/in-depth/1409/history-of-the-tour-de-france-jerseys|accessdate=2 October 2016|work=Cyclist|publisher=Dennis Publishing|date=4 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026180408/http://www.cyclist.co.uk/in-depth/1409/history-of-the-tour-de-france-jerseys|archive-date=26 October 2016|dead-url=no}} 16. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/1968/07/22/pagina-21/940240/pdf.html|title=Clasificaciones|date=22 July 1968|page=21|language=Spanish|work=El Mundo Deportivo|accessdate=22 November 2010}} References{{Reflist|30em}}Bibliography
External links{{commons category-inline|Tour de France 1968|1968 Tour de France}}{{Cycling stage recaps|1968 Tour de France|1a|10|11|22b}}{{Tour de France}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1968 Tour De France}} 7 : 1968 Tour de France|1968 in cycle racing|1968 in French sport|Tour de France by year|1968 in road cycling|June 1968 sports events|July 1968 sports events |
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