“1969 Australian federal election”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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1969 Australian federal election

释义

Issues
Results
Seats changing hands
See also
Notes
References

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}{{Infobox Election
| election_name = Australian federal election, 1969
| country = Australia
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = Australian federal election, 1966
| previous_year = 1966
| next_election = Australian federal election, 1972
| next_year = 1972
| seats_for_election = All 125 seats of the House of Representatives
63 seats were needed for a majority
| election_date = 25 October 1969
| image1 =
| leader1 = John Gorton
| leader_since1 = 10 January 1968
| party1 = Liberal/Country coalition
| leaders_seat1 = Higgins (Vic.)
| last_election1 = 82 seats
| seats1 = 66 seats
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}}16
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 = 49.80%
| swing1 = {{decrease}}7.10%
| image2 =
| leader2 = Gough Whitlam
| leader_since2 = 8 February 1967
| party2 = Australian Labor Party
| leaders_seat2 = Werriwa (NSW)
| last_election2 = 41 seats
| seats2 = 59 seats
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}18
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 = 50.20%
| swing2 = {{increase}}7.10%
| title = Prime Minister
| before_election = John Gorton
| before_party = Liberal/Country coalition
| posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister
| after_election = John Gorton
| after_party = Liberal/Country coalition
}}

Federal elections were held in Australia on 25 October 1969. All 125 seats in the House of Representatives were up for election. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition government, led by Prime Minister John Gorton, won the election with a severely diminished majority over the opposition Labor Party, led by Gough Whitlam. Both major parties had changed their leaders in the run-up to the election, the first time this had occurred since 1946.

This election saw the arrival of future Prime Minister of Australia Paul Keating in the Parliament, winning the safe Labor division of Blaxland in suburban Sydney - a seat he would represent until his resignation following the Keating Government's electoral defeat in 1996.

Issues

The 1969 election centred heavily on the two leaders, John Gorton and Gough Whitlam. Both were leading their respective parties in an election for the first time. Gorton had initially been very popular, and was publicly promoted as an "average Aussie bloke". This image was boosted by his record of wartime service and his craggy battered profile (the result of a wartime injury). However, he gradually gained a reputation for being erratic and unnecessarily confrontational. By the time of the 1969 election campaign his attempts to alter long-standing Liberal Party policies with regard to federal–state powers, and foreign affairs had alienated the more conservative sections of the Liberal Party, and various state Liberal leaders (Henry Bolte and Bob Askin in particular).

Whitlam, by contrast, had reformed the ALP and abandoned unpopular policies such as the once-dominant White Australia Policy, as well as the commitment to socialism still held by many members on the left of the party. He presented a sleek and modern image which was able to win over new voters to his cause. Whitlam had also managed to restore and heal the party's image as an electable alternative, something that had been impossible after the Labor Party split in 1955. Under his leadership, Whitlam had also attracted back many Catholic voters who had previously dumped Labor due to its infighting and factionalism. In addition, although the Coalition had won the biggest majority government in Australian history in 1966, it was increasingly seen as becoming tired and unfocused after 20 years in power. There were also growing concerns over Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War. The ALP thus went into the election with a good chance of increasing its small caucus.

Despite a Coalition campaign depicting Labor as a party dominated and controlled by union bosses, the result was very close. Labor became the biggest single party in the House, taking 59 seats—an 18-seat swing from 1966. It also won a bare majority of the two-party-preferred vote, winning 50.2 percent to the Coalition's 49.8 percent—a 7.1-point swing from 1966, the largest not to have resulted in a change of government. However, largely due to the Democratic Labor Party preferencing against Labor, Whitlam came up four seats short of toppling the Coalition. Had Labor been able to overcome DLP preferences in four Melbourne-area seats, Whitlam would have become Prime Minister.^[1] Nonetheless, Whitlam recovered much of what Labor had lost in its severe defeat three years earlier, and put the party within striking distance of winning government three years later.

Results

House of Reps (IRV) — 1969–72—Turnout 94.97% (CV) — Informal 2.54%
Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
Labor}} \|	Labor		2,870,792	46.95	+6.97	59	+18
	Liberal–Country coalition		2,520,321	43.32	–6.66	66	–16
	Liberal}} \|	100px}}	2,125,987	34.77	–5.37	46	–15
	Country}} \|	100px}}	523,232	8.56	–1.28	20	–1
Democratic Labor}} \|	Democratic Labor		367,977	6.02	–1.29	0	0
Australia}} \|	Australia		53,646	0.88	+0.88	0	0
Pensioner Power}} \|	Pensioner Power		7,706	0.13	+0.13	0	0
Social Credit}} \|	Social Credit		5,156	0.08	+0.08	0	0
Communist}} \|	Communist		4,920	0.08	–0.32	0	0
Independent}} \|	Independents		141,090	2.53	+1.08	0	–1
	Total		6,114,118			125	+1
Two-party-preferred {{Nobold\|(estimated)
Liberal}} \|	Liberal–Country coalition		WIN	49.80	–7.10	66	–16
Labor}} \|	Labor			50.20	+7.10	59	+18

{{bar box
| title=Popular Vote
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=600px
| barwidth=410px
| bars={{bar percent|Labor|{{Australian Labor Party/meta/color}}|46.95}}{{bar percent|Liberal|{{Liberal Party of Australia/meta/color}}|34.77}}{{bar percent|Country|{{National Party of Australia/meta/color}}|8.56}}{{bar percent|DLP|#008080|6.02}}{{bar percent|Australia|#F4940D|0.88}}{{bar percent|Independents|{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}|2.31}}{{bar percent|Other|#777777|0.51}}
}}{{bar box
| title=Two Party Preferred Vote
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=600px
| barwidth=410px
| bars={{bar percent|Labor|{{Australian Labor Party/meta/color}}|50.20}}{{bar percent|Coalition|{{Coalition (Australia)/meta/color}}|49.80}}
}}{{bar box
| title=Parliament Seats
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=600px
| barwidth=410px
| bars={{bar percent|Coalition|{{Coalition (Australia)/meta/color}}|52.80}}{{bar percent|Labor|{{Australian Labor Party/meta/color}}|47.20}}
}}{{clear}}

Seats changing hands

Seat	Pre-1969				Swing	Post-1969
Seat	Party		Member	Margin	Swing	Margin	Member	Party
Adelaide, SA	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Andrew Jones	2.8	14.3	11.3	Chris Hurford	Labor	Labor}}\|
Barton, NSW	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Bill Arthur	2.2	5.7	3.0	Len Reynolds	Labor	Labor}}\|
Batman, Vic	Independent}}\|	Independent	Sam Benson	N/A	0.2	3.0	Horrie Garrick	Labor	Labor}}\|
Bowman, Qld	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Wylie Gibbs	6.7	7.1	2.5	Len Keogh	Labor	Labor}}\|
Eden-Monaro, NSW	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Dugald Munro	0.7	5.8	3.2	Allan Fraser	Labor	Labor}}\|
Forrest, WA	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Gordon Freeth	9.5	11.6	1.1	Frank Kirwan	Labor	Labor}}\|
Franklin, Tas	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Thomas Pearsall	2.2	9.9	5.9	Ray Sherry	Labor	Labor}}\|
Grey, SA	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Don Jessop	3.0	3.1	1.9	Laurie Wallis	Labor	Labor}}\|
Hawker, SA	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	notional - new seat	N/A	13.7	7.9	Ralph Jacobi	Labor	Labor}}\|
Kingston, SA	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Kay Brownbill	8.2	16.5	3.9	Richard Gun	Labor	Labor}}\|
Lalor, Vic	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Mervyn Lee	0.7	4.8	10.9	Jim Cairns	Labor	Labor}}\|
Maribyrnong, Vic	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Philip Stokes	7.6	8.0	1.4	Moss Cass	Labor	Labor}}\|
Paterson, NSW	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Allen Fairhall	N/A	9.1	7.5	Frank O'Keefe	Country	Nationals}}\|
Perth, WA	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Fred Chaney	6.9	12.2	8.2	Joe Berinson	Labor	Labor}}\|
Riverina, NSW	Nationals}}\|	Country	Bill Armstrong	16.5	18.8	2.3	Al Grassby	Labor	Labor}}\|
Robertson, NSW	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	William Bridges-Maxwell	8.5	9.7	1.8	Barry Cohen	Labor	Labor}}\|
St George, NSW	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Len Bosman	9.5	9.6	0.1	Bill Morrison	Labor	Labor}}\|
Sturt, SA	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Ian Wilson	16.2	15.0	0.5	Norm Foster	Labor	Labor}}\|
Swan, WA	Liberal}}\|	Liberal	Richard Cleaver	3.5	8.3	4.1	Adrian Bennett	Labor	Labor}}\|

Members in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

Notes

1. ^Analysis of 2007 election in Victoria by Antony Green

References

University of WA election results in Australia since 1890
AEC 2PP vote
Prior to 1984 the AEC did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the 1983 election were put through this process prior to their destruction. Therefore, the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences.

4 : Federal elections in Australia|1969 elections in Australia|Gough Whitlam|October 1969 events

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Issues

Results

Seats changing hands

See also

Notes

References