| 词条 | Geranoididae |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Eocene}} Eocene | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Geranoididae | authority = Wetmore, 1933 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =
}} Geranoididae is a clade of extinct gruiform birds from the early to late Eocene and possibly early Oligocene of North America and Europe. These were mid-sized, long-legged flightless birds,[1][2][3][4][5] superficially similar but unrelated to modern ratites. ClassificationIt is rather unambiguous that geranoidids are either part of or stem representatives of Gruoidea, the clade that includes modern cranes, limpkins and trumpeters, though their precise relationship varies among studies, some recovering them as sister taxa to another clade of flightless ratite-like birds, the eogruiids. The most recent consensus appears to be that geranoidids are outside of Gruoidea, with eogruiids being more closely related to modern cranes.[6] TaxonomyThe exact number of genera and species are also somewhat controversial. For instance, a recent study recovers Geranoides as possibly synonymous with Palaeophasianus and Eogeranoides as possibly synonymous with Paragrus.[7] PaleobiologyMost geranoidids appear to have been flightless, possessing long legs and short wings that presumably leant to herbivorous habits, giving them a profile and lifestyle similar to that of modern ratites. Most if not all of them were forest dwellers, a lifestyle curiously also present in contemporary ratites such as Palaeotis and Remiornis.[8] While competition and lack thereof between ratites and eogruiids has been examined extensively,[9][10][11] niche partitioning between geranoidids and ratites has currently not, in spite of factors like geranoidids being most common in North America, where there are no ratites, or the fact that some european ratites were carnivorous.[12][13] Paleoecology and distributionGeranoidids are most common in Eocene fossil sites in North America, particularly in the Willwood Formation were up to six species are known. However, Galligeranoides occurs in the Eocene of France in association with another flightless bird, Gastornis, indicating that geranoidids took advantage of land bridges to arrive to Europe.[14] References1. ^Cracraft, J. 1969. Systematics and evolution of the Gruiformes (Class Aves). 1. The Eocene family Geranoididae and the early history of the Gruiformes. American Museum Novitates. 2388:1-41. {{Taxonbar|from=Q3760888}}2. ^Cracraft, J. 1973. Systematics and evolution of the Gruiformes (Class Aves). 3. Phylogeny of the suborder Grues. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 151:1-127. 3. ^Estelle Bourdon, Cecile Mourer-Chauviré, and Yves Laurent, Early Eocene birds from La Borie, southern France, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (1), 2016: 175-190 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00083.2014 4. ^Gerald Mayr (2016). "On the taxonomy and osteology of the Early Eocene North American Geranoididae (Aves, Gruoidea)". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 135 (2): 315–325. doi:10.1007/s13358-016-0117-2. 5. ^Gerald Mayr (2009). Paleogene Fossil Birds 6. ^Gerald Mayr (2016). "On the taxonomy and osteology of the Early Eocene North American Geranoididae (Aves, Gruoidea)". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 135 (2): 315–325. doi:10.1007/s13358-016-0117-2. 7. ^Gerald Mayr (2016). "On the taxonomy and osteology of the Early Eocene North American Geranoididae (Aves, Gruoidea)". Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. 135 (2): 315–325. doi:10.1007/s13358-016-0117-2. 8. ^Buffetaut, E.; Angst, D. (November 2014). "Stratigraphic distribution of large flightless birds in the Palaeogene of Europe and its palaeobiological and palaeogeographical implications". Earth-Science Reviews. 138: 394–408. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.07.001. 9. ^Kurochkin, E.N. 1976. A survey of the Paleogene birds of Asia. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 27:75-86. 10. ^Kurochkin, E.N. 1981. New representatives and evolution of two archaic gruiform families in Eurasia. Transactions of the Soviet-Mongolian Paleontologial Expedition 15:59-85. 11. ^Nikita Zelenkov; Zlatozar Boev; Georgios Lazaridis (2016). "A large ergilornithine (Aves, Gruiformes) from the Late Miocene of the Balkan Peninsula". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 90 (1): 145–151. doi:10.1007/s12542-015-0279-z. 12. ^Gerald Mayr (2009). Paleogene Fossil Birds 13. ^Peter Houde and Hartmut Haulbold, Palaeotis weigelti restudied: a small Middle Eaocene ostrich (Aves: sTRUTHIONIFORMES) 14. ^Estelle Bourdon, Cecile Mourer-Chauviré, and Yves Laurent, Early Eocene birds from La Borie, southern France, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (1), 2016: 175-190 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00083.2014 6 : Bird families|Extinct flightless birds|Prehistoric birds|Gruiformes|Paleogene birds of North America|Prehistoric birds of Europe |
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