| 词条 | Germain Celestin Edouard Fournie |
| 释义 |
BiographyStarting at 14 years old, Edouard was studying medicine under close supervision of his father. At the age of 20, on January 23, 1853, young Edouard joined the Imperial Navy as an auxiliary surgeon (surgeon helper). First he was appointed to the Marengo, but then, in 1854, he was sent to the Crimea. His responsibility was to perform medical care on French soldiers and sailors suffering from cholera. In the process of this care, he himself was severely affected by this terrible disease, and had almost died.[1] At the time of the siege of Sebastopol he served as a major surgeon on a big French flagship Le Caton. Then, in 1855, he was assigned to the hospital Therapia in Constantinople, with the responsibility to perform medical care on typhus patients. Again, he got severely infected and again had almost died. After that, he was repatriated to the France and retired from the army. He then completed his medical studies at the University of Montpellier, and on March 4, 1857, being exactly 24 years of age, had successfully finished his doctoral thesis, named {{lang-fr|Du typhus observé à l’hôpital maritime de Thérapia}} (Typhus observed at the maritime hospital at Therapia).[1] Scientific contributionsThe articles and books Edouard Fournie had produced during his long scientific career were touching exceptionally wide areas of medical knowledge. Among his major papers are those concerned with the anatomy and physiology of human and mammalian central nervous system, localizations of different functions in the brain, several aspects of medical philosophy and ethics, human psychology et cetera. His pioneering works on the physiology of human voice and speech started to resonate in international scientific and medical spheres only after his death.[1] In 1873, Edouard Fournie tried to experiment in order to gain better understanding of the role of the thalamus in the brain. Having that idea in mind, he injected zinc chloride into the thalami of cats. Soon after that, he could observe in those cats severely diminished tactile, heat and pain sensitivity on the side, contralateral to the side of injection. Fournie's observations greatly helped to establish the role of thalamus as a major sensory relay station on the way to cortex.[2] Major publications
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|author=Gérard Jean|title=Germain Célestin Édouard Fournié: Médecin - Chirurgien - Éminent spécialiste de l'organe vocal|url=http://limoux.pagesperso-orange.fr/bioFournie.htm|work=Biographies Limouxines: Une chronique de Gérard JEAN Ces femmes et ces hommes qui ont aimé Limoux|accessdate=2017-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803005941/http://limoux.pagesperso-orange.fr/bioFournie.htm|archivedate=2014-08-03|deadurl=yes|df=}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fournie, Germain Celestin Edouard}}2. ^{{cite book|first1=Edward G.|last=Jones|title=The Thalamus|location=New York (state)|publisher=Springer|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4615-1749-8|language=en|edition=1985|pages=1–915|doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-1749-8|lccn=85003437|oclc=970814982}} 6 : French surgeons|French anatomists|French physiologists|1833 births|1886 deaths|University of Montpellier alumni |
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