| 词条 | German Run |
| 释义 |
| name = German Run | image = German_Run_looking_downstream.jpg | image_caption = German Run looking downstream | source1_location = hill between Buck Ridge and Northside Ridge in Franklin Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania | mouth_location = Little Muncy Creek in Moreland Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania near Moreland | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|41.1973|-76.6374|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = Little Muncy Creek → Muncy Creek → West Branch Susquehanna River → Susquehanna River → Chesapeake Bay | length = {{convert|4.9|mi|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1273|ft|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|646|ft|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|6.87|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = four unnamed tributaries | tributaries_right = three unnamed tributaries }} German Run is a tributary of Little Muncy Creek in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately of Little Muncy Creek in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately {{convert|4.9|mi|km}} long and flows through Franklin Township and Moreland Township.[1] The watershed of the stream has an area of {{convert|6.87|sqmi|km2}}. Part of the stream and one of its unnamed tributaries are designated as impaired waterbodies, with the source of the impairment being agriculture. German Run is classified as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery. Natural gas operations have occurred in the general vicinity of the stream. CourseGerman Run begins on a hill between Buck Ridge and Northside Ridge in Franklin Township. It flows south through a valley for several tenths of a mile before receiving an unnamed tributary from the left and turning west-northwest for several tenths of a mile. In this reach, the stream receives an unnamed tributary from the right before turning west-southwest for several tenths of a mile, receiving two more unnamed tributaries from the right. It then turns southwest for several tenths of a mile, receiving one unnamed tributary from the left and one from the right before entering Moreland Township. Here, the stream turns west-southwest for several tenths of a mile and its valley becomes much shallower. It receives an unnamed tributary from the left before turning west-northwest. After a few tenths of a mile, the stream turns west-southwest for a few tenths of a mile, leaving its valley. An unnamed distributary then branches off, quickly joining Little Muncy Creek, while German Run itself turns south-southwest for several tenths of a mile, receiving another unnamed tributary from the left, before turning north and then west, quickly reaching its confluence with Little Muncy Creek.[1] German Run joins Little Muncy Creek {{convert|10.78|mi|km}} upstream of its mouth.[2] HydrologyA reach of German Run is designated as an impaired waterbody. The causes of the impairment are organic enrichment/low dissolved oxygen and sedimentation/siltation. The likely source of the impairment is agriculture.[3] Part or all of an unnamed tributary known as Unt 19501 is also impaired, with the same causes and probable source.[4] The peak 10-year discharge of German Run at its mouth is {{convert|1320|cuft/s|m3/s}}. The peak 50-year discharge is {{convert|2210|cuft/s|m3/s}} and the peak 100-year discharge is {{convert|2570|cuft/s|m3/s}}. The peak 500-year discharge is {{convert|3400|cuft/s|m3/s}}.[5] Geography and geologyThe elevation near the mouth of German Run is {{convert|646|ft|m}} above sea level.[6] The elevation of the stream's source is {{convert|1273|ft|m}} above sea level.[1] Watershed and biologyThe watershed of German Run has an area of {{convert|6.87|sqmi|km2}}.[2] The mouth of the stream is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Hughesville. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Lairdsville.[6] The mouth of the stream is located within {{convert|1|mi|km}} of Moreland.[2] The designated use of German Run is aquatic life.[3] The stream is classified as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.[7] HistoryGerman Run was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1175553.[6] A concrete tee beam bridge carrying State Route 2019 over German Run was built in 1937 {{convert|7|mi|km}} east of Clarkstown and is {{convert|26.9|ft|m}} long. A concrete slab bridge carrying State Route 2015 was constructed across the stream {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} south of Lairdsville in 1949 and is {{convert|22.0|ft|m}} long. A concrete culvert bridge carrying State Route 2019 across German Run was constructed in 2009 {{convert|5|mi|km}} east of Clarkstown and is {{convert|24.9|ft|m}} long.[8] In 2011, Chief Gathering, LLC. received a permit to built, maintain, and operate a {{convert|12|in|cm|adj=on}} natural gas pipeline crossing several unnamed tributaries of German Run.[7] In 2015, XTO Energy was fined $95,753 after casing and cementing problems in two of its natural gas wells in the area caused surface expressions of methane in German Run and Little Muncy Creek, as well as impacting seven private water wells.[9] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{citation |author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |title=The National Map Viewer |accessdate=April 19, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66gupqQDM?url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |archivedate=April 5, 2012 |df= }} 2. ^1 2 {{Citation|url = http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams|page = 67|date = November 2, 2001|accessdate = April 19, 2016}} 3. ^1 {{citation|author=United States Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://oaspub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_waterbody.control?p_list_id=&p_au_id=PA8229&p_cycle=2006&p_state=PA&p_report_type=A |title=2006 Waterbody Report for German Run |accessdate=April 19, 2016 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^{{citation|author=United States Environmental Protection Agency |url=https://oaspub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_waterbody.control?p_list_id=&p_au_id=PA8230&p_cycle=2006&p_state=PA&p_report_type=AA |title=2006 Waterbody Report for German Run (Unt 19501) |accessdate=April 19, 2016 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5. ^{{citation|author = Federal Emergency Management Agency|url = https://www.rampp-team.com/county_maps/pennsylvania/lycoming_pmr/lycoming_pa_pmr_fis_tables_1.pdf|title = Flood Insurance Study Volume 1 of 3|page = 32|date = February 6, 2013|accessdate = April 19, 2016}} 6. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = Geographic Names Information System|url = http://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1175553,German%20Run|title = Feature Detail Report for: German Run|accessdate = April 19, 2016}} 7. ^1 {{citation|work = Pennsylvania Bulletin|url = http://www.pabulletin.com/secure/data/vol41/41-51/2147d.html|title = WATER OBSTRUCTIONS AND ENCROACHMENTS|date = December 17, 2011|accessdate = April 19, 2016}} 8. ^{{citation|url = http://uglybridges.com/pa/lycoming|title = Lycoming County|accessdate = April 19, 2016}} 9. ^{{citation|author = Rocket-Courier|newspaper = Times Leader|url = http://timesleader.com/news/business/379945/gas-companies-penalized-nearly-400k-after-methane-seeps-into-home-wells|title = Gas companies penalized nearly $400K after methane seeps into home wells|date = September 2, 2015|accessdate = April 19, 2016}} 3 : Rivers of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania|Tributaries of Muncy Creek|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。