| 词条 | German torpedo boat T15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The German torpedo boat T15 was one of nine Type 37 torpedo boats built for the Kriegsmarine (German Navy) during the late 1930s. Completed in mid-1941, the boat was transferred to France in December. She helped to escort a pair of battleships and a heavy cruiser through the English Channel back to Germany in February 1942 in the Channel Dash and then was ordered to Norway for escort work. T15 returned to Germany in August where she was assigned to the Torpedo School and U-boat Flotillas as a training ship. The boat was sunk by American bombers in December 1943. Design and descriptionThe Type 37 torpedo boat was a slightly improved version of the preceding Type 35 with better range.[1] The boats had an overall length of {{convert|85.2|m|ftin|sp=us}} and were {{convert|82|m|ftin|sp=us}} long at the waterline.[2] The ships had a beam of {{convert|8.87|m|ftin|sp=us}}, and a mean draft of {{convert|2.8|m|ftin|sp=us}} at deep load and displaced {{convert|888|MT|LT|lk=on}} at standard load and {{convert|1139|MT|LT}} at deep load.[3] Their crew numbered 119 officers and sailors.[3] Their pair of geared steam turbine sets, each driving one propeller, were designed to produce {{convert|31000|shp|lk=on}} using steam from four high-pressure water-tube boilers[2] which would propel the boats at {{convert|35|kn|lk=on}}. They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of {{convert|1600|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|19|kn}}.[4] As built, the Type 37 class mounted a single {{cvt|10.5|cm|in}} SK C/32 gun on the stern. Anti-aircraft defense was provided by a single {{cvt|3.7|cm|in}} SK C/30 anti-aircraft gun superfiring over the 10.5 cm gun and a pair of {{cvt|2|cm|1}} C/30 guns on the bridge wings. They carried six above-water {{cvt|533|mm|in}} torpedo tubes in two triple mounts and could also carry 30 mines (or 60 if the weather was good).[5] ModificationsEarly-war modifications were limited to the conversion of the foremast into a tripod mast, installation of a FuM 28{{refn|{{lang-de|Funkmess-Ortung}} (Radio-direction finder, active ranging)|group=Note}} radar with fixed antennas angled 45° to each side and a 2 cm gun superfiring over the main gun. Boats participating in the Channel Dash in February 1942 were ordered to have their aft torpedo tube mount replaced by a quadruple 2 cm gun mount, but it is not certain if this was actually done. Confirmed deliveries of this mount began in May when they were installed in the superfiring position during refits on {{ship|German torpedo boat|T13||2}} and then on {{ship|German torpedo boat|T14||2}} in June. Another mount had been fitted on the searchlight platform amidships in {{ship|German torpedo boat|T18||2}}, {{ship|German torpedo boat|T19||2}}, and {{ship|German torpedo boat|T21||2}} by 1944. T15{{'}}s anti-aircraft suite is unknown when she was sunk at the end of 1943.[6] Construction and careerT15 was ordered on 18 September 1937 from Schichau, laid down at their Elbing, East Prussia, shipyard on 3 January 1939[7] as yard number 1403,[2] launched on 16 September 1939 and commissioned on 26 June 1941. Working up until December, she was then transferred to France. On the morning of 12 February, the 2nd Torpedo Boat Flotilla (with {{ship|German torpedo boat|T2||2}}, {{ship|German torpedo boat|T4||2}}, {{ship|German torpedo boat|T5||2}}, {{ship|German torpedo boat|T11||2}}, {{ship|German torpedo boat|T12||2}} and the 3rd Torpedo Boat Flotila (with T15 and her sisters T13, {{ship|German torpedo boat|T16||2}}, and {{ship|German torpedo boat|T17||2}}) rendezvoused with the battleships {{ship|German battleship|Gneisenau||2}} and {{ship|German battleship|Scharnhorst||2}} and the heavy cruiser {{ship|German cruiser|Prinz Eugen||2}} to escort them through the Channel to Germany in the Channel Dash. The following month, T15, T16, and T17 were transferred to Norway where they formed part of the escort of the heavy cruiser {{ship|German cruiser|Admiral Hipper||2}} to Trondheim on 19–21 March. T15 helped to escort the heavy cruiser Lützow from Kristiansand to Trondheim on 18–20 May. During the beginning stages of Operation Rösselsprung, T15 and the torpedo boat {{ship|German torpedo boat|T7||2}} were among the escorts for the battleship {{ship|German battleship|Tirpitz||2}} and Admiral Hipper as they sailed from Trondheim to Altafjord in early July.[8]Returning to Germany in August, T15 was briefly assigned to the Torpedo School as a training ship in October before beginning a refit in October at the Oderwerke shipyard in Stettin that lasted until February 1943. She briefly rejoined the Torpedo School in April before beginning another refit in July-August. Following its completion, the boat was assigned to U-boat Flotillas in the Baltic as a training ship. T15 was sunk by American bombers in Kiel on 13 December.[9] Notes1. ^Whitley 1991, p. 50 2. ^1 2 Gröner, p. 193 3. ^Gardiner & Chesneau, p. 238 4. ^1 Whitley 1991, p. 202 5. ^Whitley 1991, pp. 50–51; Whitley 2000, p. 71 6. ^Whitley 2000, pp. 72–73 7. ^Whitley 1991, p. 210 8. ^Rohwer, pp. 143, 152, 166, 175; Whitley, pp. 118, 141, 211 9. ^Rohwer, p. 292; Whitley 1991, pp. 168, 211 Citations{{Reflist|30em}}References
External links
2 : Type 37 torpedo boats|1939 ships |
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