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词条 Gold holdings
释义

  1. IMF holdings

  2. National holdings

  3. Private holdings

  4. World holdings

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

{{refimprove|date=October 2017}}

Gold holdings are the quantities of gold held by individuals, private corporations, or public entities as a store of value, an investment vehicle, or perceived as protection against hyperinflation and against financial and/or political upheavals.{{cn|date=September 2017}}

During the 19th and early 20th Century eras of the gold standard, national governments undertook an obligation to redeem the national currency for a certain amount of gold.[1] In such times, the nation's central bank used its reserves to meet that obligation, backing some or all of the currency in issue with the metal it held.[2]

The World Gold Council estimates that all the gold ever mined totals 187,200 tonnes, as of 2017[3] but other independent estimates vary by as much as 20%.[4] At a price of US$1,250 per troy ounce, marked on 16 August 2017, one tonne of gold has a value of approximately US$40.2 million. The total value of all gold ever mined would exceed US$7.5 trillion at that valuation, using WGC's 2017 estimates.[5]

IMF holdings

Since early 2011, the gold holdings of the IMF have been constant at 90.5 million troy ounces (2,814.1 metric tons).[6]

National holdings

The IMF regularly maintains statistics of national assets as reported by various countries.[11] This data is used by the World Gold Council to periodically rank and report the gold holdings of countries and official organizations.

On 17 July 2015, China disclosed its official gold holdings for the first time in six years and announced that they increased by about 57 percent, from 1,054 to 1,658 metric tons.[12][13]

The gold listed for each of the countries in the table may not be physically stored in the country listed, as central banks generally do not allow independent audits of their reserves.

Top 40 according to World Gold Council's latest rankings (as at September 2017)[14][15][16][17]
RankCountry/OrganizationGold holdings
(in tonnes)		Gold as % of
forex reserves
23 Philippines}}196.49.8%
1 United States}}8,133.574.6%
2 Germany}}3,374.169.1%
3 International Monetary Fund 2,814.0N/A
4 Italy}}2,451.867.2%
5 France}}2,435.965.0%
6 China}}1,842.62.4%
7 Russia}}1,729.416.8%
8 Switzerland}}1,040.05.5%
9 Japan}}765.22.5%
10 Netherlands}}612.566.0%
11 India}}557.85.8%
12 European Central Bank 504.824.0%
13 Turkey}}482.918.3%
14 Taiwan}}423.63.7%
15 Portugal}}382.558.6%
16 Saudi Arabia}}322.92.6%
17 United Kingdom}}310.37.2%
18 Lebanon}}286.821.6%
19 Spain}}281.617.5%
20 Kazakhstan}}280.934.8%
21 Austria}}280.053.7%
22 Belgium}}227.436.5%
24 Venezuela}}188.171.3%
25 Algeria}}173.66.2%
26 Thailand}}152.43.3%
27 Singapore}}127.41.9%
28 Sweden}}125.78.0%
29 South Africa}}125.310.8%
30 Mexico}}120.12.8%
31 Libya}}116.66.6%
32 Greece}}112.965.6%
33 South Korea}}104.41.1%
34 Romania}}103.79.4%
35 Bank for International Settlements 103.0N/A
36 Poland}}103.03.8%
37 Iraq}}89.88.0%
38 Australia}}79.95.5%
39 Indonesia}}79.32.6%
40 Kuwait}}79.08.8%
- Total for the Top 40 31,721.1

Private holdings

[18]
Rank Name Type Gold holdings
(in tonnes)
1 SPDR Gold Shares ETF 672.7[19]
2 ETF Securities Gold Funds ETF 215.2[18]
3 COMEX Gold Trust ETF 164.7[18]
4 ZKB Physical Gold ETF 138.7[18]
5 Central Fund of Canada CEF 52.7[20]
6 Julius Baer Physical Gold Fund ETF 49.1[18]
7 Sprott Physical Gold Trust CEF 38.6[21]
8 BullionVault Bailment 34.2[22]
9 GoldMoney Bailment 34.1[23]
10 ABSA NewGold Exchange Traded Fund ETF 26.6[24]
11 ETFS Physical Swiss Gold Shares ETF 23.4[25]
12 Central GoldTrust CEF 21.9[26]
13Bullion Management GroupOEF4.629
- Total for the above 13 1,461.829

World holdings

(2011)
(Source: United States Geological Survey)[27][28]
Location Gold holdings
(in tonnes)		 Share of total
world gold holdings
Total 171,300 100%
Jewellery 84,300 49.2%
Investment (bars, coins) 33,000 19.26%
Central banks 29,500 17.2%
Industrial 20,800 12.14%
Unaccounted 3,700 2.2%

See also

  • List of countries by gold production
  • Gold as an investment
  • Peak gold
  • Gold Panic of 1869
  • Vaulted gold
  • Gold standard
  • Fort Knox
  • Silver as an investment
  • Gold reserves

Notes

1. ^{{cite book|last=Schenk|first=Catherine|title=The global gold market and the international monetary system|year=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781137306708|url=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/90725/1/90725.pdf|accessdate=17 January 2018}}
2. ^"[https://www.gold.org/research/central-bank-gold-reserves-historical-perspective-1845 Central Bank Gold Reserves, an historical perspective since 1845]", Timothy Green, World Gold Council Study No.23, November 1999
3. ^"How much gold has been mined?", World Gold Council
4. ^"[https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21969100 How much gold is there in the world?]", BBC News, 1 April 2013
5. ^Gold, silver, and other precious metals and gems are weighed by the troy ounce, whereby 12 troy ounces = 1 pound and the typicsl 16-to-1 ratio in most other normal weights. There would be 24,000 troy ounces to 1 ton of weight. One tonne is equal to approximately 32,150.75 troy ounces.
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/gold.htm |title=Gold in the IMF |publisher=International Monetary Fund |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422120344/http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/gold.htm |archivedate=April 22, 2011 }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/gold.htm |title=Gold in the IMF |publisher=International Monetary Fund |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831103336/http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/gold.htm |archivedate=August 31, 2009 }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2009/pr09431.htm |title=Press Release: IMF Announces Sale of 10 Metric Tons of Gold to the Central Bank of Sri Lanka |publisher=Imf.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-08}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2009/pr09413.htm |title=Press Release: IMF Announces Sale of 2 Metric Tons of Gold to the Bank of Mauritius |publisher=Imf.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-08}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/nb/2000/nb0021.htm|title=IMF completes off-market gold sales|date=2000-04-07}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/IRProcessWeb/colist.aspx|title=Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity -- Reporting Countries|publisher=}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/html/2015s09.htm|title=Gold & Foreign Exchange Reserves|publisher=}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fxdailyreport.com/major-factors-affecting-gold-prices/|title=Major Factors Affecting Gold Prices Fluctuation|date=2016-07-22|newspaper=FXdailyReport.Com|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-28}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.org/research|title=Research - World Gold Council}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.org/research/latest-world-official-gold-reserves|title=Latest World Official Gold Reserves - World Gold Council}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gold.org/supply-and-demand/gold-demand-trends|title=Gold Demand Trends - World Gold Council}}
17. ^"Top 40 reported official gold holdings (as at September 2017)"
18. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/02/precious-etf-idUSL3N0ZI3W320150702 |title=Holdings of SPDR Gold, iShares Silver|publisher=Reuters |date=2 July 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801084704/https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/02/precious-etf-idUSL3N0ZI3W320150702 |archivedate=August 1, 2015 }}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spdrgoldshares.com |title=Total Gold in Trust |publisher=SPDR Gold Shares |date=31 July 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.centralfund.com/Nav%20Form.htm |title=Central Fund's Net Asset Value |publisher=Central Fund of Canada |date=31 July 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801105835/http://www.centralfund.com/Nav%20Form.htm |archivedate=August 1, 2015 }}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://sprottphysicalbullion.com/sprott-physical-gold-trust/net-asset-value |title=Net Asset Value - Sprott Physical Gold Trust - Sprott Physical Bullion Trusts |publisher=Sprott Asset Management |date=31 July 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801102013/http://sprottphysicalbullion.com/sprott-physical-gold-trust/net-asset-value |archivedate=August 1, 2015 }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bullionvault.com/audit.do |title=Daily audit - Allocated gold bar lists and bank statements |publisher=BullionVault |date=31 July 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.goldmoney.com/corporate/real-time-audit |title=Real-Time Audit |publisher=GoldMoney |date=31 July 2017 |accessdate=31 July 2017 }}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://etfcib.absa.co.za/Products/Exchange%20Traded%20Funds/Commodities/NewGold/Pages/default.aspx |title=NewGold Exchange Traded Fund |publisher=Absa Group |date=31 July 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801104910/http://etfcib.absa.co.za/Products/Exchange%20Traded%20Funds/Commodities/NewGold/Pages/default.aspx |archivedate=August 1, 2015 }}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.etfsecurities.com/institutional/us/en-us/products/product/etfs-physical-swiss-gold-shares-sgol-arca |title=ETFS Physical Swiss Gold Shares |publisher=ETF Securities |date=31 July 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gold-trust.com/asset_value.htm |title=GoldTrust's Net Asset Value |publisher=Central GoldTrust |date=31 July 2015 |accessdate=1 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801111616/http://www.gold-trust.com/asset_value.htm |archivedate=August 1, 2015 }}
27. ^on page 2 of the pdf file; last paragraph just before the "Production" section on that page
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://dollardaze.org/blog/?post_id=00479&cat_id=20 |title=Two Methods for Estimating the Price of Gold by Mike Hewitt |publisher=DollarDaze Economic Commentary Blog - Gold, Oil, Stocks, Investments, Currencies, and the Federal Reserve |date= |accessdate=2012-01-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109130755/http://dollardaze.org/blog/?post_id=00479&cat_id=20 |archivedate=2012-01-09 |df= }}

References

{{reflist|2}}{{Finance country lists}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gold Reserve}}

2 : Gold|Gold standard
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