| 词条 | 1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad |
| 释义 |
|title=1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad |partof= |image= |image_size= 300 |caption= U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad © Loyd Miller |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |target=United States embassy |date=November 21, 1979 |time-begin= Lunchtime |time-end= 6:30AM Nov, 22nd |timezone= |type=Coordinated attack, armed assault, rioting, arson |weapons= |fatalities= 2 Americans 2 Pakistani embassy staff 2 protesters |injuries= |susperps= |perps=Citizens of Islamabad }} On 21 November 1979, Pakistani people, enraged by a radio report claiming that the United States had bombed the Masjid al-Haram, Islam's holy site at Mecca, stormed the U.S. embassy in Islamabad, and burned it to the ground.[1] The Grand Mosque had suffered a terrorist attack, but the U.S. was not involved. The U.S. diplomats survived by hiding in a reinforced area. Marine Security Guard Corporal Steven Crowley, 20, Army Warrant Officer Bryan Ellis, 30, and two Pakistan staff members were killed in the attack. EventsOn 20 November 1979, a Saudi Arabian Islamic zealot group had led a takeover of the Mosque in Mecca. The group's demands included calling for the cutoff of oil exports to the United States and the expulsion of all foreign civilian and military experts from the Arabian Peninsula.[2] However, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini allegedly claimed that Americans were behind the attack on Islam's holiest place. This claim was repeated in media reports the morning of 21 November. The event started as a small, peaceful protest against U.S. policies in Cambodia, as well as suspected U.S. involvement surrounding the military coup d'état of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1977. The protesters shouted anti-American slogans. At first glance the event seemed to be a small protest outside the embassy's walls. Later, buses filled with Jamaat-i-Islami supporters began arriving in front of the main gate. Hundreds of people began climbing over the walls and trying to pull the walls down using ropes. According to an American investigation, the protesters, believing that an American marine on the roof of the embassy had fired first, opened fire after a bullet fired at the gate's lock by one rioter ricocheted and struck other protesters. Who actually fired first has not been determined. Twenty-year-old Marine Steve Crowley was struck by a bullet and transported to the embassy's secure communication vault along with the rest of personnel serving in the embassy. Locked behind steel-reinforced doors the Americans waited for help to come and rescue them from the smoke-filled building. After nightfall a Marine unit was able to sneak out a back exit from the vault as the front door was too damaged to open. Finding the embassy empty they led the rest of the 140 people from the vault out into the courtyard.[1] In mediaA detailed narrative of this event is provided in the book The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 by Steve Coll.[3] See also
Bibliography
1. ^1 {{harvnb|Barr|2004|p=A20}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Wright|2006|p=92}} 3. ^{{harvnb|Coll|2005| p=}}
15 : Arson in Pakistan|Pakistan–United States relations|1979 crimes in Pakistan|History of Islamabad|1979 in international relations|United States Marine Corps in the 20th century|Sieges involving Pakistan|Buildings and structures in Pakistan destroyed by arson|Military government of Pakistan (1977–88)|Attacks on diplomatic missions of the United States|Attacks on diplomatic missions in Pakistan|20th century in Islamabad|Crime in Islamabad|1970s murders in Pakistan|1979 murders in Asia |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。