“1982 Birmingham Northfield by-election”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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1982 Birmingham Northfield by-election

释义

Candidates
Results
Aftermath
References

The Birmingham, Northfield by-election of 28 October 1982 was held after the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Jocelyn Cadbury on 31 July 1982. The seat was gained by the Labour Party in a defeat for Margaret Thatcher's government, ironically just after opinion polls showed an upswing in Conservative support following the victorious Falklands War campaign weeks earlier.

Candidates

John Spellar, the winning Labour candidate, would later serve as MP for Warley West.
Roger Gale would later serve as MP for North Thanet.
Stephen Ridley, a solicitor, ran on a campaign of introducing works councils to give workers more say in their jobs and improving local amenities.^[1]
Ian Anderson emerged as the leading figure of the Flag Group wing of the National Front and later became leader of the party.
Peter Sheppard ran on an anti-National Front, anti-Margaret Thatcher platform. He was chairman of the All Birmingham Committee Against Racism and Fascism.^[2]
Bill Boaks, a serial independent candidate during the 1970s who frequently managed only double figure vote totals, was standing in his final by-election (he was also a candidate in the Peckham by-election, which was held simultaneously).

Results

{{Election box begin |
|title=Birmingham, Northfield by-election, 1982^[3]}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = John Spellar
|votes = 15,904
|percentage = 36.3
|change = −8.8
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Roger Gale
|votes = 15,615
|percentage = 35.6
|change = −9.8
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Stephen Ridley
|votes = 11,453
|percentage = 26.1
|change = +18.0
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = National Front (UK)
|candidate = Ian Anderson
|votes = 411
|percentage = 0.9
|change = -0.2
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of Great Britain
|candidate = Peter Sheppard
|votes = 349
|percentage = 0.8
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box candidate|
|party = People's Progressive Party
|candidate = Ronald Taylor
|votes = 63
|percentage = 0.2
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box candidate|
|party = Democratic Monarchist, Public Safety, White Resident
|candidate = Bill Boaks
|votes = 60
|percentage = 0.1
|change = N/A
}}{{Election box majority|
|votes = 289
|percentage = 0.7
|change =
}}{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 43,855
|percentage = 55.0
|change =
}}{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Labour Party (UK)
|loser = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = -0.51
}}{{Election box end}}

Aftermath

The result gave the Labour Party its first gain in a by-election in Britain since 1971. Yet while Labour had regained the seat which it had lost in 1979, the Conservatives were reported to be delighted at only narrowly losing given that the seat had been their third most vulnerable based on the 1979 results. Norman Tebbit, then a Conservative Cabinet minister, noted his party had come "within an ace of holding one of our most marginal constituencies" and argued that the results in Northfield and the by-election held on the same day for the Peckham constituency showed that the intervention of the the Alliance allowed Labour to win.^[4] Writing in The Glasgow Herald, political journalist Geoffrey Parkhouse argued that winning Northfield saved Labour leader Michael Foot "from disaster", but the closeness of the result meant it was a "desperate victory" for him. He also argued that the results showed that Mrs Thatcher's Government was on course to win the next election, but that the Alliance's potential to take votes from the Conservatives could yet prevent them from gaining an overall majority.^[4]

References

1. ^Ridley's election leaflet {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314034139/http://by-elections.co.uk/northfield82/Liberal.html |date=14 March 2012 }}
2. ^Sheppard's election leaflet {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314034142/http://by-elections.co.uk/northfield82/sheppard.html |date=14 March 2012 }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/by1979.html|title=Results of Byelections in the 1979-83 Parliament|last=Boothroyd|first=David|access-date=2015-09-19|website=United Kingdom Election Results}}
4. ^¹{{cite news |last1=Parkhouse |first1=Geoffrey |title=Double Labour victory after two recounts |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19821029&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |accessdate=16 February 2019 |work=The Glasgow Herald |date=29 October 1982}}

5 : 1982 elections in the United Kingdom|By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Birmingham, West Midlands constituencies|1982 in England|20th century in Birmingham, West Midlands|October 1982 events in Europe

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