| 词条 | Granard Motte |
| 释义 |
| name = Granard Motte | ensign = | native_name = Móta Ghránaird | partof = | location = Church Street, Granard, County Longford | nearest_town = | country = Ireland | image = Granard_Motte.png | alt = | caption = | image2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = | type = | coordinates = {{coord|53.775535|N|7.500468|W|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | image_map = | image_mapsize = | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = Ireland | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = | ownership = | operator = | controlledby = | open_to_public = | site_other_label = | site_other = | site_area = | code = | built = {{Start date|1199}} | used = | builder = | materials = earth | height = | length = | fate = | condition = | battles = | events = | current_commander = | past_commanders = | garrison = | occupants = | website = | footnotes = }}Granard Motte is the remains of a motte-and-bailey castle and National Monument in Granard, County Longford, Ireland.[1][2][3] LocationGranard Motte (National Monument Ref No LF010-080001) is located in the town of Granard, {{Convert|5.7|km|abbr=on}} west of Lough Kinale, overlooking the Inny valley. At an altitude of {{Convert|163|m|ft|abbr=on}} it is the highest motte in Ireland The earthworks lie about {{convert|220|m|ft}} to the southwest of Granard town on an elevated site with panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. HistoryGranard motte earthworks were built c. 1199 by a Norman knight, Richard de Tuit. It was erected upon and within a pre-existing hillfort (LF010-080002-), and has associations with a local branch of the Ó Fearghail clan (Farrell).{{rp|10}} It appears that it was intended as a frontier castle on the NW border of the Anglo-Norman lordship of Meath and designed to suppress the O'Reilly's of S Breffny.[5] In 1210 King John stayed here during his campaign against Hugh de Lacy.[5]{{rp|262}}{{rp|15}} The site later became known as Rath Granard. According to Bradley, it is the most likely location of the inauguration site of the O'Farrells (Bán).{{rp|16}}[9]{{rp|21-22}} One prominent member of the family, Sean Ó Fearghail, Chief of Annaly, is believed to have died here immediately after his inauguration in 1475 and was interred at Abbeylara nearby. The relatively level summit ({{convert|27|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the NNW-SSE direction; {{convert|22|m|ft|abbr=on}} in the ENE-WSW direction), is about {{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}} above the level of the bailey and also holds an OS trigonometrical station. In 1932 a statue of Saint Patrick was erected on top of the motte to mark the sesquimillennium of his mission to Ireland. Many myths are attached to the hollow within the motte: some say there is a castle concealed within it, or gold, or perhaps a grain store.{{cn|date=April 2018}} In May 2017 the motte came to nationwide attention when a large hole, about a metre in diameter, was found dug into the side of the mound. The damage required a survey by the National Monuments Service and repairs by the Office of Public Works.[10] DescriptionThe Motte is a great flat-topped, circular earthen mound, on top of which would have been a timber tower surrounded by a palisade. Across the base was a U-shaped bailey: an enclosure surrounded by a palisade ditch. It is very strongly fortified except on the southern side, which seems to have been guarded solely by the deep trench on the summit. The sub circular mound is about {{Convert|9|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height with a deep fosse at the northeastern side and a D-shaped bailey on the southwest side. A grotto was built into the north side of the monument in 1925 in the course of which a large quantity of stone was removed (using explosives). From WSW-N-ENE the base of the motte is encircled by a wide, deep, steep-sided, rock-cut fosse (width: {{convert|10.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}; depth: {{convert|3.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}) with a wide, high, steep-sided external bank (width: {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}}; height: {{convert|2.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}). The bailey is defined by the remains of an inner bank of earth and stone, a wide, deep, intervening fosse (width: {{convert|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}) and a wide, high outer bank (width: c. {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}}; height: c. {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}). The fragmentary remains of a later castle are visible in the SE face of the motte. A medieval church and graveyard lie c. {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} to the north.[11]{{rp|323-324}}[12]{{rp|18-23}}[13]{{rp|152}}[14]{{rp|31}}[15]{{rp|144-145}} References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/granard-motte-and-bailey/|title=Granard Motte and Bailey|publisher=Longford Tourism}} [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.megalithicireland.com/Granard%20Motte,%20Longford.html|title=Granard Motte and Bailey, Longford|publisher=Megalithic Ireland}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/granard-motte/|title=Granard Motte - Longford|first=Michael|last=Heraghty|publisher=Choose Ireland|date=7 October 2006}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|editor1-last=Burns|editor1-first=J.|editor2-last=Grier|editor2-first=B.|year=2002|title=Granard: its history, our heritage|pages=144-145|location=Longford|publisher=Granard Guild, ICA}} 5. ^1 {{cite journal|last=English|first=N.W.|year=1971|title=Field antiquities of County Longford|work=Journal of the Longford Historical Society|volume=1|number=2|pages=146-155}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last=Fitzpatrick|first=E.|year=2004|title=Royal inauguration in Gaelic Ireland c.1100-1600: a cultural landscape study|series=Studies in Celtic History|volume=22|location=Woodbridge|publisher=The Boydell Press}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Kearney|first=P.|year=1969|title=Granard|work=Journal of the Longford Historical Society|volume=1|number=1|pages=18-23}} 8. ^1 {{cite book|editor-last=O'Donovan|editor-first=P.|year=2003|title=Antiquities of the Granard area|location=Longford|publisher=Granard Area Action Group}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Orpen|first=G.H.|year=1920|title=Ireland under the Normans (1169-1216)|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal|last=Westropp|first=T.J.|year=1904|title=On Irish motes and early Norman castles|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland|volume=34|pages=313-343}} 11. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2017/0606/880473-granard-motte/|work=RTE|title=Investigation into damage at Granard Motte monument site |date=6 Jun 2017}} }} Further reading
4 : Archaeological sites in County Longford|National Monuments in County Longford|Castles in County Longford|Motte-and-bailey castles |
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