| 词条 | 1985 Newry mortar attack |
| 释义 |
| title = 1985 Newry mortar attack | partof =the Troubles | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | map ={{Location map|Northern Ireland |relief = yes |width = 250 |lat = 54.185039 |long = -6.331617 |marksize = 5 |caption = }} | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | location = Newry, Northern Ireland | target =Royal Ulster Constabulary station | coordinates = {{coord|54|10|41.72|N|6|20|29.41|W|region:GB_type:event|display=inline,title}} | date = 28 February 1985 | time = 18:32 | timezone = GMT | type = Mortar | fatalities = 9 | injuries = 37 | victim = | perps = Provisional IRA }} On 28 February 1985, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) launched a heavy mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) base at Corry Square in Newry, Northern Ireland. The attack killed nine RUC officers and injured almost 40 others; the highest death toll ever suffered by the RUC. Afterwards, a major building scheme was begun to give police and military bases better protection from such attacks. BackgroundIn the early 1970s, after the onset of the Troubles, the Provisional IRA launched a campaign aimed at forcing the British to withdraw from Northern Ireland. The IRA—particularly its South Armagh Brigade—had repeatedly attacked the British Army and RUC with home-made mortars, but with limited success. Between 1973 and early 1978 a total of 71 mortar attacks were recorded, but none caused direct British Army or RUC deaths.[1] There were only two deadly mortar attacks before 1985. The first was on 19 March 1979, when Private Peter Woolmore of the Queen's Regiment was killed in a mortar attack on Newtownhamilton British Army base.[2] The second was on 12 November 1983, when an RUC officer was killed and several hurt in a mortar attack on Carrickmore RUC base.[1][3] The attackThe attack was jointly planned by members of the South Armagh Brigade and an IRA unit in Newry.[4] The homemade mortar launcher, dubbed the 'Mark 10', was bolted on to the back of a Ford lorry that had been hijacked in Crossmaglen.[1] Shortly after 6.30PM on 28 February, nine shells were launched from the lorry, which had been parked on Monaghan Street,[5] about {{convert|250|yds|m}} from the base.[6] At least one 50 lb shell landed on a portacabin containing a canteen, where many officers were having their evening tea break.[6] Nine police officers were killed and 37 people were hurt, including 25 civilian police employees;[5][7] the highest death toll inflicted on the RUC in its history.[8] The nine dead officers ranged in age from 19 to 41, seven male and two female, seven Protestants and two Catholics.[9] Another shell hit the observation tower, while the rest landed inside and outside the perimeter of the base.[6] AftermathThe day was dubbed "Bloody Thursday" by the British press. British prime minister Margaret Thatcher called the attack "barbaric", while Ireland's prime minister, Garret FitzGerald, said it was "cruel and cynical", and pledged the help of the Irish security forces to catch those responsible.[7] Although not involved in the attack, Newry IRA member Eamon Collins was arrested shortly afterwards and interrogated. After five days of questioning, Collins broke under interrogation and turned supergrass, leading to more than a dozen arrests of other IRA members.[10] The attack prompted calls from unionist politicians to "increase security", and the British government launched a multi-million pound programme of construction to protect bases from similar attacks. This involved installing reinforced roofs and building blast-deflecting walls around the base of buildings.[1] After the successful attack in Newry, the IRA carried out a further nine mortar attacks in 1985.[11] On 4 September, an RUC training centre in Enniskillen was attacked; 30 cadets narrowly escaped death due to poor intelligence-gathering by the IRA unit responsible. The cadets were expected to be in bed sleeping, but were instead eating breakfast when the bombs landed.[11][12] In November 1986, the IRA launched another attack on the RUC base in Newry, but the bombs fell short of their target and landed on residential houses. A four-year-old Catholic girl was badly wounded and another 38 people were hurt, prompting the IRA to admit that "this incident left us open to justified criticism".[11] Beginning in the 1990s, operations at the Corry Square base were progressively shifted to a new facility on the outskirts of Newry.[13] The base was finally closed in 2002,[14] and a park occupies the site today. See also{{Campaignbox Northern Ireland Troubles|state=collapsed}}
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | last = Urban | first = Mark | title = Big Boys' Rules: SAS and the Secret Struggle Against the IRA | publisher = Faber and Faber | date = 1993 | pages = 206–208 | doi = | isbn = 0-571-16809-4}} {{PIRA}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Newry mortar attack}}2. ^{{cite web | title = An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland - 1979 | author = Malcolm Sutton | url = http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1979.html | website=CAIN | date = | accessdate = 21 April 2007}} 3. ^{{cite web | title = An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland - 1983 | author = Malcolm Sutton | url = http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1983.html | website=CAIN | date = | accessdate = 21 April 2007}} 4. ^{{cite book | last = Harnden | first = Toby | authorlink = Toby Harnden | title = Bandit Country | publisher = Hodder & Stoughton | date = 1999 | pages = 232–234 | month = | isbn = 0-340-71736-X}} 5. ^1 McKittrick, David. Lost Lives: The Stories of the Men, Women and Children who Died as a Result of the Northern Ireland Troubles. Random House, 2001. pp.1011–1012 6. ^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/01/world/ira-mortars-kill-9-at-ulster-base.html "I.R.A. MORTARS KILL 9 AT ULSTER BASE"]. The New York Times. 1 March 1985. Retrieved 28 February 2015. 7. ^1 {{cite web | title = Northern Ireland Bloody Day | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962598-1,00.html | work=TIME | date = 11 March 1985 | accessdate = 21 April 2007}} 8. ^{{cite web | title = The RUC: Lauded and condemned | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/ruc_reform/780311.stm | work=BBC | date = 31 October 2001 | accessdate = 21 April 2007}} 9. ^{{cite web | title = An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland - 1985 | author = Malcolm Sutton | url = http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/sutton/chron/1985.html | website=CAIN | date = | accessdate = 28 August 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web | title = Death foretold | author = Kevin Toolis | url =https://www.theguardian.com/weekend/story/0,3605,290195,00.html | work=The Guardian | date = 3 July 1999 | accessdate = 21 April 2007}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite book |author1=Bishop, Patrick |author2=Mallie, Eamonn | title = The Provisional IRA | publisher = Corgi Books | date = 1987 | pages = 420–421 | doi = | isbn = 0-552-13337-X}} 12. ^{{cite web | title = A Chronology of the Conflict – 1985 | url = http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch85.htm | website=CAIN | date = | accessdate = 20 June 2007}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Mortar attack on RUC station|url=http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/mortar-attack-on-ruc-station-26181230.html|website=Independent.ie|accessdate=25 January 2017}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Only three NI police stations to close|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/1964518.stm|accessdate=25 January 2017|agency=BBC|date=2 May 2002}} 12 : Mass murder in 1985|1985 crimes in the United Kingdom|1985 in Northern Ireland|Provisional Irish Republican Army actions|The Troubles in County Armagh|The Troubles in County Down|Newry|Improvised explosive device bombings in Northern Ireland|Royal Ulster Constabulary|Military actions and engagements during the Troubles (Northern Ireland)|Attacks on police stations|February 1985 events |
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