| 词条 | 1985 Summer Universiade |
| 释义 |
| Name = XIII Summer Universiade | Logo = | Size = 150 | Optional caption = | Nations participating = 106 | Athletes participating = 2,783 | Events = 11 sports | Opening ceremony = August 24 | Closing ceremony = September 4 | Officially opened by = Crown Prince Akihito | Athlete's Oath = | Judge's Oath = | Torch Lighter = | Stadium = Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium }} The 1985 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIII Summer Universiade, took place in Kobe, Japan. MascotThe mascot of the Kobe Universiade, "Unitan", designed by Osamu Tezuka, is a red-crested white crane, symbolic of Japan and a good omen. The name was chosen from some 8,000 suggestions received from throughout the country. The name is derived from a combination of 'uni' from 'Universiade' and 'tan' from the Japanese name for red-crested crane, namely 'tancho-tsuru'. Gender testThe sex chromatin test was used at these games to decide on participants' gender; Spanish hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño was declared a man and thus ruled ineligible for the women's events.[1][2][3] In agreement with officials who suggested she fake an injury so she could withdraw without publicity, she complied. She later fought, successfully, to have that diagnosis reversed.[4] Sports
Medal table{{Medals table| caption = | host = JPN | flag_template = | event = | team = | gold_URS = 42 | silver_URS = 22 | bronze_URS = 20 | gold_USA = 23 | silver_USA = 22 | bronze_USA = 24 | gold_CUB = 8 | silver_CUB = 8 | bronze_CUB = 5 | gold_CHN = 7 | silver_CHN = 7 | bronze_CHN = 6 | gold_ROU = 6 | silver_ROU = 7 | bronze_ROU = 6 | name_ROU = {{flagteam|ROU|1965}} | gold_JPN = 6 | silver_JPN = 3 | bronze_JPN = 7 | host_JPN = yes | name_JPN = {{flagteam|JPN|1947}} | gold_ITA = 4 | silver_ITA = 6 | bronze_ITA = 5 | gold_BUL = 4 | silver_BUL = 6 | bronze_BUL = 4 | name_BUL = {{flagteam|BUL|1971}} | gold_NED = 3 | silver_NED = 1 | bronze_NED = 4 | gold_PRK = 3 | silver_PRK = 1 | bronze_PRK = 3 | gold_POL = 3 | silver_POL = 1 | bronze_POL = 3 | gold_FRG = 2 | silver_FRG = 4 | bronze_FRG = 8 | gold_AUS = 2 | silver_AUS = 3 | bronze_AUS = 2 | gold_KOR = 2 | silver_KOR = 1 | bronze_KOR = 5 | name_KOR = {{flagteam|KOR|1984}} | gold_NGR = 2 | silver_NGR = 1 | bronze_NGR = 2 | gold_HUN = 1 | silver_HUN = 4 | bronze_HUN = 4 | gold_GBR = 1 | silver_GBR = 2 | bronze_GBR = 3 | gold_BRA = 1 | silver_BRA = 2 | bronze_BRA = 2 | name_BRA = {{flagteam|BRA|1968}} | gold_MEX = 1 | silver_MEX = 1 | bronze_MEX = 0 | gold_TCH = 1 | silver_TCH = 0 | bronze_TCH = 1 | gold_JAM = 1 | silver_JAM = 0 | bronze_JAM = 1 | gold_CAN = 0 | silver_CAN = 6 | bronze_CAN = 6 | gold_FRA = 0 | silver_FRA = 5 | bronze_FRA = 3 | gold_YUG = 0 | silver_YUG = 1 | bronze_YUG = 2 | gold_NZL = 0 | silver_NZL = 1 | bronze_NZL = 0 | gold_POR = 0 | silver_POR = 1 | bronze_POR = 0 | gold_URU = 0 | silver_URU = 1 | bronze_URU = 0 | gold_CIV = 0 | silver_CIV = 0 | bronze_CIV = 1 | gold_MAR = 0 | silver_MAR = 0 | bronze_MAR = 1 }} References1. ^{{cite news |author=Ruth Padawer |title=The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/magazine/the-humiliating-practice-of-sex-testing-female-athletes.html?_r=0 |quote= |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 28, 2016 }} {{Universiade}}{{Sport-event-stub}}{{Japan-sport-stub}}2. ^{{cite book|last=Ljungqvist|first=A.|editor=Barbara L. Drinkwater|title=The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine: An IOC Medical Commission Publication, Women in Sport|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPXr-0PUk5gC&pg=PA186|accessdate=2 March 2015|date=2008-04-15|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470756850|pages=183–93|chapter=Gender Verification}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Schultz|first=Jaime|title=Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e-7kAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA112|year=2014|publisher=U of Illinois P|isbn=9780252095962|pages=111–12}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Cole|first=Cheryl L.|editor=Kay Schaffer|others=Sidonie Smith|title=The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMzYdZpk8qMC&pg=PA138|accessdate=2 March 2015|year=2000|publisher=Rutgers UP|isbn=9780813528205|pages=128–46|chapter=One Chromosome Too Many?}} 9 : Summer Universiade|1985 in multi-sport events|1985 in Japanese sport|International sports competitions hosted by Japan|Multi-sport events in Japan|Sport in Kobe|1985 Summer Universiade|August 1985 sports events|September 1985 sports events |
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