| 词条 | Greta Thunberg |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Greta Thunberg | honorific_suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = File:Greta Thunberg, 2018 (cropped).jpg | image_upright = 0.8 | alt = | caption = Greta Thunberg in August 2018 | birth_name = Greta Ernman Thunberg | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|1|3|df=yes}} | birth_place = Sweden | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | ethnicity = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Student and activist | years_active = | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = School strike for climate outside Swedish Parliament and speaking at the COP24 | notable_works = | style = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = Climate movement | opponents = | boards = | religion = | denomination = | parents = Svante Thunberg Malena Ernman | relatives = Olof Thunberg (grandfather) | callsign = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | website = | footnotes = | box_width = }} Greta Ernman Thunberg ({{IPA-sv|²ɡreːta ²tʉːnbærj}}; born 3 January 2003) is a Swedish political activist seeking to stop global warming and climate change. In August 2018, she quickly rose to prominence for starting the first school strike for climate, outside the Swedish parliament building.[1] In November 2018, she spoke at TEDxStockholm, in December she addressed the United Nations Climate Change Conference and in January 2019 she was invited to talk to the World Economic Forum at Davos. LifeGreta Thunberg was born on 3 January 2003.[2] Her mother is Swedish opera singer Malena Ernman and her father is actor Svante Thunberg,[3] who is named after his distant relative Svante Arrhenius.[3][4] Her grandfather is actor and director Olof Thunberg.[5] In November 2018, Thunberg mentioned having been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and selective mutism.[6][7] To lower her family's carbon footprint, she insisted they become vegan and give up flying.[8] School strike for climate{{Main|School strike for climate}}On 20 August 2018, Thunberg, who back then had just started ninth grade, decided to not attend school until the 2018 Sweden general election on 9 September after heat waves and wildfires in Sweden.[1] Her demands were that the Swedish government reduce carbon emissions in accordance with the Paris Agreement, and she protested by sitting outside the Riksdag every day during school hours with the sign Skolstrejk för klimatet (school strike for the climate).[9] After the general elections, she continued to strike only on Fridays, gaining worldwide attention. She inspired school students across the globe to take part in student strikes.[4] As of December 2018, more than {{val|20000}} students had held strikes in at least 270 cities.[4] Thunberg credits the teen activists at Parkland school in Florida, who organized the March For Our Lives, as the inspiration to begin her school climate strike.[10][11] Other activismGreta Thunberg participated in the Rise for Climate demonstration outside the European Parliament in Brussels. In October 2018, Thunberg and her family drove in an electric car to London, where she addressed the 'Declaration of Rebellion' organized by Extinction Rebellion opposite the Houses of Parliament.[12][13] On 24 November 2018, she spoke at TEDxStockholm.[14][15][6] She spoke about realising, when she was eight years old, that climate change existed and wondering why it was not headline news on every channel, as if there was a world war going on. She said she did not go to school to become a climate scientist, as some suggested, because the science was done and only denial, ignorance and inaction was remaining. Speculating that her children and grandchildren would ask her why they had not taken action in 2018 when there was still time, she concluded with "we can’t change the world by playing by the rules, because the rules have to be changed."[16] Thunberg addressed the COP24 United Nations climate change summit on 4 December 2018[4] and also spoke before the plenary assembly on 12 December 2018.[17][18] During the summit, she also participated in a panel talk together with representatives of the We Don't Have Time Foundation, in which she talked about how the school strike began.[19] On 23 January 2019, Thunberg arrived in Davos after a 32-hour train journey,[20] in contrast to the many delegates who arrived by up to {{val|1500}} individual private jet flights,[21] to continue her climate campaign at the World Economic Forum.[22][23] She told a Davos panel "Some people, some companies, some decision makers in particular have known exactly what priceless values they have been sacrificing to continue making unimaginable amounts of money. I think many of you here today belong to that group of people."[24] Later in the week, she warned the global leaders that "Our house is on fire" adding "I want you to panic. I want you to feel the fear I feel every day. We owe it to the young people, to give them hope."[25][26] On 21 February 2019, she spoke at a conference of the European Economic and Social Committee and to European Commission chief Jean-Claude Juncker, where she demanded that to still meet the climate goals the EU must reduce their {{CO2}} emissions by at least 80% until 2030. Later, she joined the climate protests in Brussels.[27][28] Prizes and awardsGreta Thunberg was one of the winners of Svenska Dagbladet's debate article writing competition on the climate for young people in May 2018.[29] Thunberg was nominated for the electricity company Telge Energi's prize for children and young people who promote sustainable development, Children's Climate Prize, but declined because the finalists would have to fly to Stockholm.[30] In November 2018, she was awarded the Fryshuset scholarship of the Young Role Model of the Year.[31] In December 2018, Time magazine named Thunberg one of the world's 25 most influential teenagers of 2018.[32] On the occasion of the International Women's Day Thunberg was proclaimed the most important woman of the year in Sweden in 2019. The award was based on a survey by the institute Inizio on behalf of the newspaper Aftonbladet.[33] Three Norwegian lawmakers nominated Thunberg for the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize.[34][35] On 31 March 2019 she received the German Goldene Kamera Special Climate Protection award.[36][37] Controversy over affiliationsAfter her student climate strikes gained momentum, attempts were made to discredit her,[38] and others tried to benefit from her high profile.[39] In late 2018, Ingmar Rentzhog, founder of the non-profit We Don't Have Time Foundation (WDHT), recruited Thunberg to become an unpaid youth advisor and used Thunberg's name and image without her knowledge or permission to raise millions for WDHT's for-profit subsidiary We Don't Have Time AB, of which Rentzhog is CEO. Thunberg received no money from the company.[40][41] She terminated her volunteer advisor role with WDHT, stating she "is not part of any organization… am absolutely independent… [and] do what I do completely for free."[42] See also
References1. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/01/swedish-15-year-old-cutting-class-to-fight-the-climate-crisis |title=The Swedish 15-year-old who's cutting class to fight the climate crisis |date=1 September 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian}} 2. ^{{cite news |author-last=Lobbe |author-first=Anne-Marie |title=À 15 ans, elle remet les dirigeants mondiaux à leur place! |url=http://www.sympatico.ca/actualites/decouvertes/a-15-ans-elle-remet-les-dirigeants-mondiaux-a-leur-place-1.8622552 |access-date=3 January 2019 |publisher=Sympatico |date=13 December 2018 |language=fr}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/11/meet_the_15_year_old_swedish |title=School Strike for Climate: Meet 15-Year-Old Activist Greta Thunberg, Who Inspired a Global Movement |website=Democracy Now!}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news |author-first=Damian |author-last=Carrington |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/04/leaders-like-children-school-strike-founder-greta-thunberg-tells-un-climate-summit |title='Our leaders are like children', school strike founder tells climate summit |date=4 December 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian}} 5. ^{{Cite web |url=https://heavy.com/news/2018/12/greta-thunberg/ |title=Greta Thunberg: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know |author-last=Santiago |author-first=Ellyn |date=14 December 2018 |website=Heavy.com |access-date=5 February 2019}} 6. ^1 {{cite AV media |author-first=Greta |author-last=Thunberg |author-link=Greta Thunberg |date=12 December 2018 |title=School strike for climate – save the world by changing the rules |work=TEDxStockholm |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAmmUIEsN9A |access-date=29 January 2019 |time=1:46 |location=Stockholm |publisher=TED |quote=I was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrom, OCD, and selective mutism. That basically means I only speak when I think it's necessary. Now is one of those moments… I think that in many ways, we autistic are the normal ones, and the rest of the people are pretty strange, especially when it comes to the sustainability crisis, where everyone keeps saying that climate change is an existential threat and the most important issue of all and yet they just carry on like before.}} 7. ^{{Cite news |url=https://grist.org/article/greta-thunberg-activist-cop24-katowice/ |title=This Swedish teen is stealing the show at COP24 |date=5 December 2018 |work=Grist}} 8. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/climate-crusading-schoolgirl-greta-thunberg-pleads-next-generations-case |title=Climate crusading schoolgirl Greta Thunberg pleads next generation's case |date=5 December 2018 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=22 December 2018}} 9. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-fifteen-year-old-climate-activist-who-is-demanding-a-new-kind-of-politics |title=The Fifteen-Year-Old Climate Activist Who Is Demanding a New Kind of Politics |date=2 October 2018 |newspaper=The New Yorker}} 10. ^{{cite news |title=Teen activist on climate change: If we don't do anything right now, we're screwed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGmBkIUwYkA |access-date=10 February 2019 |agency=CNN |date=23 December 2018}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=The Guardian view on teenage activists: protesters not puppets – Editorial |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/07/the-guardian-view-on-teenage-activists-look-whos-pulling-the-strings |access-date=11 February 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=7 February 2019}} 12. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2018/10/31/our-darkest-hour-declaration-rebellion-new-group-vows-mass-civil-disobedience-save |title=This Is Our Darkest Hour: With Declaration of Rebellion, New Group Vows Mass Civil Disobedience to Save Planet |date=31 October 2018 |work=Common Dreams}} 13. ^{{cite news |author-last=Rizvi |author-first=Husna |title=For climate action, ‘mass civil disobedience’ is the only way |url=https://newint.org/features/2018/11/01/climate-breakdown |access-date=15 February 2019 |work=New Internationalist |date=1 November 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=TEDxStockholm Theme: Wonderland |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/31825 |publisher=TED |access-date=20 December 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web |author-first=Jon |author-last=Queally |title=Depressed and Then Diagnosed With Autism, Greta Thunberg Explains Why Hope Cannot Save Planet But Bold Climate Action Still Can |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2018/12/19/depressed-and-then-diagnosed-autism-greta-thunberg-explains-why-hope-cannot-save |publisher=Common Dreams |access-date=20 December 2018 |date=19 December 2018}} 16. ^{{cite news |author-last=Jones |author-first=Nigel |title=Why we all need to be more like Greta |url=https://medium.com/nine-by-five-media/why-we-all-need-to-be-more-like-greta-ba36abec961 |access-date=15 February 2019 |work=Nine by Five Media |publisher=Medium |date=30 December 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web |author-last=Thunberg |author-first=Greta |author-link=Greta Thunberg |title=You Are Stealing Our Future: Greta Thunberg, 15, Condemns the World's Inaction on Climate Change |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/12/13/you_are_stealing_our_future_greta |website=Democracy Now! |access-date=13 December 2018 |quote=You only speak of a green eternal economic growth because you are too scared of being unpopular. You only talk about moving forward with the same bad ideas that got us into this mess, even when the only sensible thing to do is pull the emergency brake. You are not mature enough to tell it like it is. Even that burden you leave to us children. […] And if solutions within the system are so impossible to find, then maybe we should change the system itself.}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Greta Thunberg full speech at UN Climate Change COP24 Conference |author-first=Greta |author-last=Thunberg |author-link=Greta Thunberg |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFkQSGyeCWg |date=12 December 2019}} 19. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqlTtZ0UyFE&t=6s 20. ^{{cite news |author-last=Larson |author-first=Nina |title=Time to 'get angry', teen climate activist says in Davos |url=https://news.yahoo.com/time-angry-teen-climate-activist-says-davos-015904861.html |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=news.yahoo.com |agency=AFP |date=24 January 2019 |quote=I think it is insane that people are gathered here to talk about the climate and they arrive here in private jet.}} 21. ^{{cite news |author-last=Forrest |author-first=Adam |title=Record number of private jets to fly into Davos conference addressing climate change |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/davos-2019-private-jets-climate-change-world-economic-forum-summit-attenborough-a8742681.html |access-date=24 January 2019 |newspaper=The Independent |date=23 January 2019}} 22. ^{{cite news |author-last1=Kottasova |author-first1=Ivana |author-last2=Mackintosh |author-first2=Eliza |title=Teen activist blames Davos elite for climate crisis |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/25/europe/greta-thunberg-davos-world-economic-forum-intl/index.html |access-date=26 January 2019 |newspaper=CNN |date=25 January 2019}} 23. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-47231271/greta-thunberg-the-swedish-teen-inspiring-climate-strikes |title=Greta Thunberg: The Swedish teen inspiring climate strikes |publisher=BBC News |type=video, 2 min 4 sec |date=14 February 2019}} 24. ^{{cite news |author-last=Hertsgaard |author-first=Mark |title=The Climate Kids Are Coming |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/greta-thunberg-climate-change-davos/ |access-date=14 February 2019 |agency=The Nation |date=28 January 2019}} 25. ^{{cite news |author-last=Busby |author-first=Eleanor |title=Children as young as five due to miss school for climate change protest |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/climate-change-protests-uk-children-school-london-manchester-oxford-a8773406.html |access-date=14 February 2019 |newspaper=The Independent |date=11 February 2019}} 26. ^{{cite news |author-last=Thunberg |author-first=Greta |author-link=Greta Thunberg |title='Our house is on fire': Greta Thunberg, 16, urges leaders to act on climate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jan/25/our-house-is-on-fire-greta-thunberg16-urges-leaders-to-act-on-climate |access-date=14 February 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=25 January 2019}} 27. ^{{cite news |author-last=Carmichael |author-first=Lachlan |title=Climate activist Thunberg urges EU to double carbon reduction targets |url=https://news.yahoo.com/climate-activist-thunberg-urges-eu-double-carbon-reduction-111042030.html |access-date=22 February 2019 |work=news.yahoo.com |date=21 February 2019}} 28. ^{{cite news |title=Swedish teen leads Belgian students on 7th climate march |publisher=Miami Herald / The Associated Press |date=21 February 2019 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/article226559019.html |access-date=22 February 2019 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222204457/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/business/article226559019.html |archive-date=22 February 2019}} 29. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.svd.se/vi-vet--och-vi-kan-gora-nagot-nu |title="Vi vet – och vi kan göra något nu" |website=SvD.se |language=sv |access-date=22 December 2018}} 30. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.etc.se/klimat/darfor-nobbar-greta-thunberg-klimatpriset |title=Därför nobbar Greta Thunberg klimatpriset |author-last=Gelin |author-first=Gustav |date=1 November 2018 |website=ETC |language=sv |access-date=22 December 2018}} 31. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.aktuellhallbarhet.se/greta-thunberg-blir-arets-unga-forebild/ |title=Greta Thunberg blir Årets unga förebild |date=22 November 2018 |website=Aktuell Hållbarhet |language=sv-SE |access-date=22 December 2018}} 32. ^{{Cite web |url=http://time.com/5463721/most-influential-teens-2018/ |title=TIME's 25 Most Influential Teens of 2018 |website=Time |access-date=22 December 2018}} 33. ^{{cite news |title=Schulstreik fürs Klima – Klimaaktivistin Greta Thunberg in Schweden "Frau des Jahres" |language=de |author=dpa |journal=Zeit Online |date=8 March 2019 |url=https://www.zeit.de/news/2019-03/08/klimaaktivistin-greta-thunberg-in-schweden-frau-des-jahres-190308-99-297313 |access-date=8 March 2019 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309164608/https://www.zeit.de/news/2019-03/08/klimaaktivistin-greta-thunberg-in-schweden-frau-des-jahres-190308-99-297313 |archive-date=8 March 2019}} 34. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/teen-climate-activist-in-nobel-peace-prize-race/article26526361.ece |title=Teen climate activist in Nobel Peace Prize race |agency=Associated Press |date=14 March 2019 |work=The Hindu |access-date=14 March 2019 |issn=0971-751X}} 35. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47568227 |title=Greta Thunberg nominated for Nobel Peace Prize for climate activism |publisher=BBC News |date=14 March 2019}} 36. ^{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Greta Thunberg wird mit der GOLDENEN KAMERA 2019 ausgezeichnet |trans-title=Greta Thunberg is awarded the GOLDEN CAMERA 2019 |publisher=Goldene Kamera |date=18 March 2019 |language=de |url=https://www.goldenekamera.de/preisverleihung/nominierte-preistraeger-2019/article216694793/Greta-Thunberg-wird-mit-der-GOLDENEN-KAMERA-2019-ausgezeichnet.html |access-date=31 March 2019 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331123607/https://www.goldenekamera.de/preisverleihung/nominierte-preistraeger-2019/article216694793/Greta-Thunberg-wird-mit-der-GOLDENEN-KAMERA-2019-ausgezeichnet.html |archive-date=31 March 2019}} 37. ^{{cite news |title=Verleihung der Goldenen Kamera Erst Klimaaktivistin geehrt, dann SUV verschenkt - Erst bekommt Greta Thunberg die "Goldene Kamera". Dann verschenkt Hauptsponsor Volkswagen einen SUV. Das stößt auf Kritik. |author-first=Claudia |author-last=Seiring |language=de |newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel |date=31 March 2019 |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/verleihung-der-goldenen-kamera-erst-klimaaktivistin-geehrt-dann-suv-verschenkt/24164272.html |access-date=31 March 2019 |dead-url=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331224547/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/verleihung-der-goldenen-kamera-erst-klimaaktivistin-geehrt-dann-suv-verschenkt/24164272.html |archive-date=31 March 2019}} 38. ^{{cite news |author-last=Sandler Clarke |author-first=Joe |title=The Climate Change Deniers Trying to Discredit Greta Thunberg |url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/mbzg8q/the-climate-change-deniers-trying-to-discredit-greta-thunberg |work=Vice |date=7 February 2019}} 39. ^{{cite news |author-last=Oroschakoff |author-first=Kalina |title=Teen climate icon used for fundraising without her knowledge |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/greta-thunberg-teen-climate-icon-used-for-fundraising-without-her-knowledge/ |work=Politico-EU |date=February 2019}} 40. ^{{cite news |newspaper=Svenska Dagbladet |url=https://www.svd.se/rentzhog-darfor-ber-vi-greta-thunberg-om-ursakt |title=Swedish start-up used Greta Thunberg to bring in millions}} 41. ^{{cite web |work=TheLocal.se |url=https://www.thelocal.se/20190209/start-up-used-child-climate-activist-to-raise-millions |title=Start-up used teen climate activist to raise millions: Swedish paper |date=9 February 2019}} 42. ^{{cite web |author-last=Thunberg |author-first=Greta |author-link=Greta Thunberg |title=Greta Thunberg |url=https://www.facebook.com/732846497083173/posts/767646880269801/ |website=www.facebook.com |access-date=15 February 2019 |date=2 February 2019}} External links
9 : 2003 births|Living people|People with Asperger syndrome|People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|Swedish women environmentalists|Climate change environmentalists|Swedish women activists|Swedish children|21st-century Swedish women |
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