| 词条 | Grupo para el Desarrollo Integral de la Capital |
| 释义 |
|name = Grupo para el Desarrollo Integral de la Capital |image = |leader_title = President |leader_name = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |membership = |formation = 1987[1] |type = Urban planning[1] |predecessor = |purpose= |region_served = Havana, Cuba |num_staff = |motto = |website = }} The Grupo para el Desarrollo Integral de la Capital (Group for the Integral Development of Havana) is an urban planning effort in Havana, Cuba, established in 1987.[1] According to one scholar, it was "created to develop new ways of dealing with the problems created by three decades of neglect" of the city by the state.[2] HistoryParticipants have included architect Mario Coyula Cowley, among others. In 1988 the group began organizing "Talleres de Transformacion Integral del Barrio" (neighborhood transformation workshops) which devised plans for local development.[3] The workshops involved local ward "consejos populares" (popular councils), and sometimes also advisors from Cuban government agencies or international entities.[4][5] References1. ^1 2 {{es icon}} Article about the group on encaribe.org 2. ^{{cite book|editor1= Gary Bridge |editor2= Sophie Watson |title=A Companion to the City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-0GNw8qk2AC|year=2000|publisher=Blackwell |isbn=9781782688150 |chapter=Capitalizing on Havana: The Return of the Repressed in a Late Socialist City |author= Charles Rutheiser}} 3. ^{{citation |author= Miren Uriarte |year=2002 |title= Cuba, Social Policy at a Crossroads: Maintaining Priorities, Transforming Practice |publisher= Oxfam America |location= Boston |url=https://www.oxfamamerica.org/static/media/files/OA-Cuba_Social_Policy_at_Crossroads-en.pdf }} 4. ^{{cite journal |title=The Promise Besieged: Participation and Autonomy in Cuba |author=Armando Chaguaceda |url=https://nacla.org/article/promise-besieged-participation-and-autonomy-cuba |date= 2011 |work=NACLA Report on the Americas |volume=44 |number=4: Cuba |publisher=North American Congress on Latin America }} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Isabelle Anguelovski|title=Neighborhood as Refuge: Community Reconstruction, Place Remaking, and Environmental Justice in the City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6aEEAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-52569-5}} Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
3 : Organizations based in Havana|Urban planning organizations|1987 establishments in Cuba |
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