| 词条 | Guns, goons, and gold |
| 释义 |
The phrase "guns, goons, and gold", sometimes referred to as the "Three Gs of Philippine Politics"[1] was a catchphrase coined by media to describe the violence and vote-buying which characterized the political campaign period in the Philippines,[2] beginning with the presidential reelection campaign of 1969,[3][4][5] declining only with the advent of electronic voting machines during the elections of 2010.[6][7] In popular culture
See also
References1. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/30780/elections-2007-3gs-rear-hideous-head-on-campaign-s-day-3/story/ |title=Elections 2007: 3Gs rear hideous head on campaign’s Day 3 |work=GMA News Online |access-date=2018-07-21 |language=en-US}} {{Philippines-stub}}2. ^{{Cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-02-10/news/mn-1347_1_national-election-campaign |title='Guns, Goons, Gold' Time in Philippines : Elections: Authorities brace for traditional violence and cheating as campaigns get under way. |last=DROGIN |first=BOB |date=1992-02-10 |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=2018-07-21 |language=en-US |issn=0458-3035}} 3. ^{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/223848773 |title=An anarchy of families : state and family in the Philippines |date=2009 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |isbn=9780299229849 |location=Madison, Wis. |oclc=223848773}} 4. ^{{Cite news |url= https://newslab.philstar.com/31-years-of-amnesia/best-democracy |title= Sabotaging the System {{!}} 31 years of amnesia |last=Morallo |first=Audrey |work=The Philippine Star |access-date= 2018-07-21}} 5. ^{{Cite news |url= https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/60678/Editorial-Protecting-the-vote |title=Protecting the vote |date=2016-02-29 |work=Sun Star Philippines |access-date=2018-07-21 |language=en-GB}} 6. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/may/05/philippine-election-soap-opera |title=Philippine election plays more like a soap opera |last=Smith |first=Tom |date=2010-05-05 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2018-07-21 |language=en}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=https://asiafoundation.org/2010/05/12/philippine-election-update-results-reported-in-record-time-largely-peaceful-now-what/ |title=Philippine Election Update: Results Reported in Record Time, Largely Peaceful, Now What? - The Asia Foundation |last=Rood |first=Steven |date=2010-05-12 |website=The Asia Foundation |language=en-US |access-date=2018-07-21}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/in-focus/eddie-romeros-passionate-strangers-opens-festival-of-restored-filipino-films/|title=In Focus: Edie Romero's "Passionate Strangers" Opens Festival of Restored Filipino Films|date=July 12, 2004|work=National Commission for Culture and the Arts|accessdate=April 26, 2017}} 2 : Ferdinand Marcos|Philippine political catchphrases |
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