| 词条 | Haplogroup R1b-L21 |
| 释义 |
| name = R1b-L21 | map = File:R1b1a2a1a1b4 en Europe.jpg | origin-date = 4,500 years | TMRCA = | origin-place = Central Europe | ancestor =R1b R-M269 R1b-L11 R1b-P312 | descendants =R1b-DF13 R1b-M222 | mutations = | members = English Irish Scottish Welsh Bretons Americans }}R1b-L21 or R1b-M529 (R1b1a2a1a2c) is a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, characteristic of the inhabitants of the British Isles and Ireland.[1] OriginR1b-L21 is known like the haplogroup belonging to the Celts, was migrated to Western Europe during the Bronze Age, populating vast regions of what is now France, the United Kingdom and Ireland.[2] Including also the Low Countries.[3] It has its origin in the region of Central Europe, related to Beaker culture.[4] Currently this haplogroup is found in most of the inhabitants of the British Isles and Ireland, as well as in Brittany, northern France and some presence in Belgium.[5] References1. ^{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title=Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2018|publisher=International Society of Genetic Genealogy|publication-place= |page= |url=https://isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpR.html|accessdate= }} 2. ^{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title=DNA vs Irish Annals|publisher=Brad Larkin|publication-place= |page= |url=https://www.surnamedna.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/DNA-vs-Irish-Annals-2014.pdf|accessdate= }} 3. ^{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title=Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)|publisher=Eupedia|publication-place= |page= |url=https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_R1b_Y-DNA.shtml|accessdate= }} 4. ^{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title=Arrival of Beaker folk changed Britain for ever, ancient DNA study shows|publisher=The Guardian|publication-place= |page= |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/feb/21/arrival-of-beaker-folk-changed-britain-forever-ancient-dna-study-shows|accessdate= }} 5. ^{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title=Genetic history of the Benelux & France|publisher=Eupedia|publication-place= |page= |url=https://www.eupedia.com/europe/benelux_france_dna_project.shtml|accessdate= }} External links
6 : Human Y-DNA haplogroups|Genetic history of Europe|Human population genetics|Indo-European genetics|History of the British Isles|Genetics in the United Kingdom |
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