| 词条 | Haplogroup R-Z18 |
| 释义 |
R-Z18 is a subclade of the R-U106 branch of Haplogroup R. It includes all men who have the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) designated Z18 in their Y chromosome. Z18, also called S493, is defined to be mutation in which the nucleotide at position 14,991,735[1] along the Y chromosome has mutated from guanine (G) to adenine (A). Z18 was discovered during Phase 3 of the 1000 Genomes Project,[2] and entered on 16 August 2014 into the SNP database dbSNP at the National Center for Biotechnology Information as reference SNP cluster report rs767290651.[3] R-U106 is one of the major sub groups of R1b in coastal Western Europe, but Z18 is only about 5-10% of U106. R-Z18 has its highest concentrations in the Netherlands and Northern Germany, although there are also samples in southern Sweden and northern Britain. On the basis of genetic results, the first carrier of this mutation lived around 2200 B.C., with a 90% confidence range of 3000 B.C. to 1400 B.C.[4] Major known subclades of R-Z18 include R-ZP156, R-S11601, R-DF95, R-FGC7637, R-Z2396, R-S6119 and R-Z17.[5] although they continue to increase as more are found.
References1. ^This position is with respect to human reference genome assembly GRCh37/hg19 released on March 7, 2009 by the Genome Reference Consortium. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/assembly/grc/human/ 2. ^1000 Genomes Project, http://www.1000genomes.org/ 3. ^National Center for Biotechnology Information, dbSNP Short Genetic Variations, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?rs=767290651 4. ^Based on an analysis of the SNP mutations found in 510 reconstructed partial Y chromosome sequences of known carriers of U106. Seventy-five of those Y-DNA sequences are known carriers of Z18. The analysis was performed by Dr. Iain McDonald and reported to the private R1b1c_U106-S21_Haplogroup Yahoo! Group on Nov 17, 2015. https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b1c_U106-S21/info 5. ^Peter Op den Velde Boots, R-Z18 A North Sea Tribe, http://l257.groenebeverbv.nl/ External links
1 : Human Y-DNA haplogroups |
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