| 词条 | Harcourt Whyte |
| 释义 |
| name = | image = Harcourt Whyte.jpeg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Ikoli Harcourt-Whyte | birth_date = {{birth year|1905}} | birth_place = Abonnema, British Nigeria | death_date = {{Death year and age|1977|1905}} | death_place = Rivers State, Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | other_names = | alma_mater = | known_for = | spouse = | notable_works = | website = | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | origin = | alias = | genre = gospel | instrument = Vocals | years_active = 1921–1977 | label = | occupation = vocalist, singer | associated_acts = | notable_instruments = }}}} Ikoli Harcourt-Whyte (1905{{ndash}}1977) popularly known as Harcourt Whyte, was a Nigerian composer best remembered for his classic hymn "Atula Egwu". LifeIkoli was born in Abonnema in the old Niger Delta region in 1905. He was named Ikoli as a baby by his parents Munabo and Odibo. Between 1915 and 1918, he attended a number of schools including Bishop Crowther Memorial School. He was an active member of the school brass bands and took interest in playing the flute and side-drum.{{sfn|Achinivu|1979|p=78}} Later on in his life, he adopted the name Harcourt Whyte. His people, the Kalabaris relied on fishing and trading, and Ikoli as a child was trained in these skills.[1] In 1919, he was diagnosed with leprosy after symptoms were first noticed in 1918. In the early 1920s, he was sent to Port Harcourt General Hospital where he developed his talent in music and went on to form a vocalist band with forty other lepers.[2] In 1932, he was transferred to Uzuakoli Leprosy Hospital, Bende Division, Eastern Nigeria where he met doctor-reverend-musician T.F. Davey from England. Whyte was encouraged by Davey, who took him on village survey tours to collect various traditional sounds. In 1949, after 34 years of ill health, Whyte was finally cured and discharged by Davey as “clean”.{{sfn|Achinivu|1979|p=85}} Whyte dedicated much of his life to the betterment and education of lepers who suffered the same illness as he once did. He performed sacred compositions inspired by Methodist Church hymns and Wesleyan doctrinal philosophy. His works attracted wide interest and were popular throughout the Igboland, eventually earning him the title of "father of Igbo church music".[3][4][5] His career saw him compose over 600 hymns and compositions in the Igbo language.[1][6] DeathHe died in 1977 in a motor accident.[7][8] LegacyThe life of Harcourt Whyte was depicted and some of his hymns were sampled in a 1985 stage play titled Hopes of the Living Dead by Ola Rotimi.[9][10] Bibliography
References1. ^1 {{cite book|title=African Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u5kJAQAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=African Music Society}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Whyte, Harcourt}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://books.openedition.org/ifra/609?lang=en|title=Nigerian Art Music|publisher=Open Edition|date=|accessdate=20 August 2016}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Alexander Akorlie Agordoh|title=African Music: Traditional and Contemporary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjpcUKa0KH4C&pg=PA131|year=2005|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=978-1-59454-554-2|pages=131–}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Michael Popkin|title=Modern Black writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NxvuAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Ungar|isbn=978-0-8044-3258-0}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Bode Omojola|title=Nigerian Art Music: With an Introduction Study of Ghanaian Art Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRsfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT51|date=4 April 2013|publisher=Institut français de recherche en Afrique|isbn=979-10-92312-13-3|pages=51–}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=http://newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=1911|title=Why we’re reviving Harcourt Whyte’s music —Foundation|work=News Express|date=4 June 2013|accessdate=13 August 2016}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=The World of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OocJAQAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=International Music Council, Unesco House.}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Niyi Coker|title=Ola Rotimi's African Theatre: The Development of an Indigenous Aesthetic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wtxlAAAAMAAJ|date=January 2005|publisher=E. Mellen Press|isbn=978-0-7734-6147-5}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Ola Rotimi|title=Hopes of the Living Dead: A Drama of Struggle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9YIAQAAIAAJ|date=January 1988|publisher=Spectrum Books|isbn=978-978-2460-13-4}} 10. ^{{cite book|author1=Martin Banham|author2=Errol Hill|title=The Cambridge Guide to African and Caribbean Theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtlUwQAvKxoC&pg=PA82|date=4 August 1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-41139-4|pages=82–}} 13 : 1905 births|1977 deaths|20th-century Nigerian singers|20th-century composers|Nigerian male singers|Igbo musicians|Nigerian gospel singers|Nigerian performers of Christian music|Road incident deaths in Nigeria|Ijaw people|People from Abonnema|Musicians from Rivers State|20th-century male singers |
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