| 词条 | Harden Beck |
| 释义 |
| name = Harden Beck | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = Waterfall, Harden Beck - geograph.org.uk - 387252.jpg | image_size = 280 | image_caption = The Waterfall in Goit Stock Wood | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = England | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Counties | subdivision_name3 = West Yorkshire | subdivision_type4 = District | subdivision_name4 = Bradford | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|14.55|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= River Aire | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = Hewenden Reservoir, West Yorkshire | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = | mouth_location = Beckfoot, Bingley, West Yorkshire | mouth_coordinates = | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|33.228[1]|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Cow House Beck, Midgram Beck | tributaries_right = Mytholmes Beck | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}{{Harden Beck}} Harden Beck is a stream that flows from Hewenden Reservoir, over Goit Stock Waterfall to the River Aire in Bingley, West Yorkshire. The route starts out further up the valley as Denholme Beck, Hewenden Beck and Hallas Beck. Its waters are fed by Thornton Moor Reservoir, Stubden Reservoir, Doe Park Reservoir and Hewenden Reservoir. Harden Beck is an overflow channel of Glacial Erosion which was carved out during the last Ice Age.[2] The section after the waterfall down to the bridge under the road to Wilsden, is locally referred to as 'The Hidden Valley.'[3] Mapping lists Harden Beck as starting where Hallas Beck and Cow House Beck meet, but documents from Bradford Council and the Yorkshire Invasive Species Forum list the beck as starting at the dam head from Hewenden reservoir[4][5] In his book, Chronicles of Old Bingley, Harry Speight says that the Beck does start at the confluence of Hallas and Cow House Becks and that Harden Beck was a dividing line in the parishes, deaneries and the Wapentakes.[6] HistoryIn a book on the place names of West Yorkshire, Harden and Harden Beck are listed as Heredene, Heredenbroc and Hardenbrok which translates as either Rock Valley or Hare Valley Beck.[7] In the Topographical Dictionary of England, Lewis describes the Beck as "powerful Harden Beck, which abounds with trout, runs through a hamlet, and propels the machinery of three worsted mills in which the greater part of the population is employed."[8] There were actually six mills on the beck; (from upstream down) Hewenden Mill, Bents Mill, Hallas Bridge Mill, Goit Stock Mill, Harden Bridge Mill and Beckfoot Mill. Hewenden, Bents and Beckfoot mills[9] have all since been converted into private accommodation buildings. Hallas Bridge Mill was destroyed by fire. Goit Stock Mill was later utilised as a café and ballroom. It too burnt down (in 1927) with no reports of casualties. Its chimney and flue are still extant, with the chimney being built on the northern ridge to aid the dispersal of smoke from the narrow valley.[10][11] Harden Bridge Mill is still in private use as a printers. Hewenden Reservoir was built as a compensation reservoir for the mill owners on Harden Beck who demanded a structure of its type when the Bradford Corporation started abstracting water from Manywells Spring to their reservoirs, {{convert|7|mi}} away at Chellow Dean.[12] Description of routeThe watercourse starts at the eastern edge of the A629 Keighley to Halifax road in Denholme. Here, several springs feed Denholme beck which flows into Doe Park Reservoir. Doe Park is also fed by Stubden and Thornton Moor reservoirs via Stubden Beck.[13] The outflow from the reservoir flows northwards into Hewenden Reservoir, where it in turns flows north eastwards as Hewenden Beck as far as Hallas Bridge where it becomes Hallas Beck. On entering Goit Stock Wood, the course becomes Harden Beck at the confluence of Cow House Beck and Hallas Beck.[14] Form here it flows mostly eastwards with Midgram Beck and Mytholmes Beck joining the course adjacent to Ruin Bank Wood. The Beck skirts the northern edge of Shipley Golf Course, through the ford and then under the bridge at Beckfoot before joining the River Aire in Bingley. BridgesHewenden Viaduct is to the immediate north east of the dam head of Hewenden Reservoir and was built by the Great Northern Railway in 1884[15] and after the railway closed became part of the Great Northern Trail.[16] Hallas and Goit Stock have footbridges. There is a bridge over the beck by The Malt Shovel Public House in Harden which links Harden village with Wilsden. This bridge is a Grade II listed structure from the 18th century.[17]Where the Beck curves between Ruin Bank Wood and Harden Grange is a Grade II listed footbridge. The footbridge is on the north west corner of Shipley Golf Course and was listed in 1974.[18] Another Grade II listed crossing is Beckfoot Bridge. It was listed in 1974[19] and spans the beck just before it enters into the right fork of the River Aire in Bingley. The bridge here dates from at least 1723 and is a Packhorse Bridge.[20] There is a ford adjacent as the bridge is only wide enough for a single horse. The ford is deceptively deep and the water is fast flowing. People have had their vehicles washed downstream whilst trying to cross here and it would be unwise to cross, even in a 4 x 4.[21] Ecology and environmentThe beck flows through Goit Stock Wood, which is known for being a good example of broadleaf woodland. The water cascades over Goit stock waterfall which is {{convert|20|ft|m|abbr=on}} high.[22] The waterfall was known as Hallas Lumb until the early 1820s when its name was changed to Goit Stock.[23] The beck has seen pollution over its history, but trout and crayfish have been observed in the water.[24] Goit Stock Woods and Harden Beck are listed as an SEGI (Site of Ecological and Geological Importance) by Bradford Council.[25] The beck is subject to the invasive plants of Himalayan Balsam and Japanese Knotweed in a 0.5 km section upstream of Harden Beck Bridge in Harden village.[4] In 2017, the weir at Beckfoot Mill was removed in the central portion to allow grayling to navigate upstream. As the mill is now private dwellings, its goit was no longer necessary and as the weir was a barrier to fish passage, it was cut open.[26] NavigationThe beck is not navigable to boats at any point. The reservoirs upstream are deep and wide enough to allow boating, although there is no evidence of this on Hewenden Reservoir. Literary connectionsHarden Beck was home to John Nicholson, The Airedale Poet, in the early nineteenth century. He was often out walking alongside the beck, looking for inspiration.[27] He is said to have written many works beside the beck and by Goit Stock Waterfall, which he often visited in the dead of night.[28] In 2012, as part of the Ilkley literature festival, the walk alongside Harden Beck became part of the Stanza Stones Poetry Trail. Developed by poet Simon Armitage and Tom Lonsdale, the walk takes in {{convert|47|mi}} across moorland and water to inspire walkers.[29] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Harden Beck from Source to River Aire|url=http://environment.data.gov.uk/catchment-planning/WaterBody/GB104027062870|website=Catchment Data Explorer|publisher=Environment Agency|accessdate=16 October 2016}} {{Commons category|Harden Beck}}{{Rivers of Yorkshire}}{{coord|53|49|02.6|N|1|53|25.7|W|display=title|region:GB_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Landscape Character SPD Wilsden|url=https://www.bradford.gov.uk/media/2987/vol9_wilsden_october2008.pdf|website=Bradford Council|publisher=Bradford Council|accessdate=12 November 2015|page=3|date=October 2008}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=The Hidden Valley|url=http://thehidden-valley.co.uk/|website=The Hidden Valley Website|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Harden Beck, From Source to River Aire|url=http://ywt-data.org/inns-mapper/content/harden-beck-source-river-aire|website=Yorkshire Invasive Species Forum|accessdate=12 November 2015|date=23 August 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Doveston|first1=Mark|title=Bradford Birding|url=http://www.bradfordbirding.org/ARTICLES/Harden%20Beck.pdf|website=Bradford Birding|accessdate=12 November 2015|page=2}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Speight|first1=Harry|title=Chronicles of Old Bingley|date=1898|publisher=Eliot Stock|page=96|url=https://archive.org/stream/chroniclesstorie00speiiala#page/96/mode/2up|accessdate=4 December 2015}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=A H|title=The place names of the West Riding of Yorkshire Pt 4|url=http://www.abebooks.co.uk/book-search/title/place-names-in-west-riding/author/a-h-smith/|date=1961|page=329|accessdate=4 December 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Lewis|first1=Samuel|title=British History Online|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp404-407|website=BHO|publisher=S Lewis|accessdate=11 November 2015|pages=404–407|date=1848}} 9. ^{{PastScape|mname=Rievaulx Cottage – Alternative Name Beckfoot Mill|mnumber=944234|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Goit Stock Woods and Harden Beck|url=https://www.bradford.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/C99AD44A-70D6-471A-A5DC-EE8D9F4EC768/0/GoitstockWoodsandHardenBeck.pdf|publisher=Bradford Council|accessdate=11 November 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Goit Stock – The Hidden Valley|url=http://mycommunityhub.co.uk/hidden-valley-goit-stock/|website=My Community Hub|accessdate=11 November 2015|date=20 February 2014}} 12. ^{{cite book |last1=Cudworth |first1=William |title=Manningham, Heaton, and Allerton : (townships of Bradford) treated historically and topographically |date=1896 |publisher=Cudworth |location=Bradford |page=324|oclc=1069555989}} 13. ^{{cite web|last1=Airey|title=Bradford Area Reservoirs' Group – Flood Routing Remedial|url=http://www.britishdams.org/2008conf/papers/Construction%20remedial%20works%20and%20discontinuance/P1_Airey_final.pdf|website=British Dams|accessdate=11 November 2015|page=2|date=2008}} 14. ^{{cite web|last1=Hansen|first1=Astrid|title=The Mills of the Hewenden Valley 3|url=http://mycommunityhub.co.uk/mills-of-the-hewenden-valley-hewenden-mill-part-3/|website=My Community Hub Bingley|accessdate=12 November 2015|date=26 June 2014}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Hewenden Viaduct|url=http://www.forgottenrelics.co.uk/bridges/gallery/hewenden.html#null|website=Forgotten relics of an enterprising age|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Great Northern Railway Trail|url=http://www.sustrans.org.uk/ncn/map/route/great-northern-railway-trail|website=sustrans|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 17. ^{{NHLE|desc=Harden Beck bridge to west of Malt Shovel Inn|num=1200795|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Footbridge over Harden Beck to South East of the Lodge to Harden Grange, Bingley|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-337940-footbridge-over-harden-beck-to-south-eas#.VkTEAVUnzmI|website=British Listed Buildings|accessdate=12 November 2015|ref=337940}} 19. ^{{IoE|337900|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Bingley and the St Ive's Estate|url=http://www.theaa.com/walks/bingley-and-the-st-ives-estate-421290#directions|website=AA|publisher=AA|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 21. ^{{cite news|last1=Griffiths|first1=Kathie|title=Downpours bring chaos to rivers and transport|url=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/1477067.Downpours_bring_chaos_to_rivers_and_transport/|accessdate=11 November 2015|publisher=Telegraph and Argus|date=16 June 2007}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=The Broadleafed Woodlands of Harden Beck|url=http://www.theaa.com/walks/the-broadleaved-woodlands-of-harden-beck-421307#directions|website=AA|accessdate=12 November 2015}} 23. ^{{cite book|last1=Hird|first1=W G|title=The Poetic Works of John Nicholson|date=1876|publisher=Simpkin, Marshall & Co|location=London|page=xxxix|url=https://archive.org/stream/poeticalworksjo22unkngoog#page/n46/mode/2up|accessdate=27 November 2015}} 24. ^{{cite news|title='Beck dead? We've seen 12-inch trout!'|url=http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/8049359._Beck_dead__We_ve_seen_12_inch_trout__/|accessdate=11 November 2015|work=Telegraph and Argus|date=11 November 2000}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Landscape Character SPD Wilsden|url=http://www.bradford.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/288F1902-F909-4C9F-BB7A-D6DF10C8E8A3/0/Vol9_Wilsden_October2008.pdf|website=Bradford Council|publisher=Bradford Council|accessdate=12 November 2015|page=5|date=October 2008}} 26. ^{{cite web|last1=Robinson|first1=Wendy|title=Harden Beck just got better! {{!}} Aire Rivers Trust|url=https://aireriverstrust.org.uk/harden-beck-loses-another-weir/|website=aireriverstrust.org.uk|accessdate=6 January 2018|date=9 September 2017}} 27. ^{{cite book|last1=Hird|first1=W G|title=The Poetical Works of John Nicholson|date=1876|publisher=Simpkin, Marshall & Co|location=London|page=xxxviii|url=https://archive.org/stream/poeticalworksjo22unkngoog#page/n46/mode/2up|accessdate=27 November 2015}} 28. ^{{cite book|last1=Hird|first1=W G|title=The Poetic Works of John Nicholson|date=1876|publisher=Simpkin, Marshall & Co|location=London|page=xxxix|url=https://archive.org/stream/poeticalworksjo22unkngoog#page/n46/mode/2up|accessdate=27 November 2015}} 29. ^{{cite web|last1=Lonsdale|first1=Tom|title=Stanza Stones|url=http://www.ilkleyliteraturefestival.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Stanza-Stones-Trail-Guide.pdf|website=Ilkley Literature Festival|publisher=ILF|accessdate=27 November 2015|pages=1-40|format=2012}} 3 : Rivers of West Yorkshire|Rivers of Bradford|Aire catchment |
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