| 词条 | Harry Orbell |
| 释义 |
Harry Orbell (1858 – 27 March 1914) was a British trade unionist. Born in Bristol,[1] Orbell trained as a writing desk maker, but was unable to find sufficient work, and so instead found employment at a tea warehouse, repairing tea chests.[2] In 1887, there was a proposal to reduce wages of workers at the warehouse, and Orbell helped organise a meeting in opposition to this. The meeting founded the Tea Operatives' and General Labourers' Association, with Orbell becoming its president.[2] The union played a key role in the London Dock strike of 1889, with Orbell leading strike action at the nearby Tilbury Docks. He kept the strike solid there, in part by sending trade unionists to infiltrate groups of workers unwittingly recruited to break the strike, then getting the unionists to leaflet the new workers, informing them of their situation, and requesting that they return to London.[2][3] Following the strike, the union grew dramatically in size and became the Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union, with Orbell as one of two full-time national organisers (alongside Tom McCarthy).[4] Orbell initially travelled to the Netherlands, where he founded branches in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Later, he was based in London, but regularly travelled the country, and was one of the first to spot Ernest Bevin's talents, successfully recommending him to Ben Tillett for a full-time post.[5] Orbell was one of the main organisers of the successful 1911 Liverpool general transport strike. The following year, he advised against transport workers in London holding a strike; the workers voted for strike action and Orbell then supported them, but the ten-week strike was ultimately unsuccessful. Already in poor health, the strain of this worsened his condition and although he recovered for a while, he became ill again in late 1913 and died in March 1914.[1] Although Orbell never stood for political office,[1] he supported the Labour Party, and served for some years on its National Executive Committee. He also served on the Port of London Authority.[6] References1. ^1 2 "Memorial notices: Mr Harry Orbell", Manchester Guardian, 28 March 1914 {{start box}}{{s-npo|union}}{{succession box|title=President of the Tea Operatives' and General Labourers' Association|years=1887–1889|before=New position|after=Tom Mann}}{{succession box|title=National Organiser of the Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union|years=1889–1914|with=Tom McCarthy (1889–1899)|before=New position|after=Ernest Bevin}}{{end box}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Orbell, Harry}}2. ^1 John Lovell, Stevedores and Dockers: A Study of Trade Unionism in the Port of London, pp.95-107 3. ^Hubert Llewellyn Smith and Vaughan Nash, The story of the dockers' strike: told by two East Londoners, pp.104-105 4. ^1 John Lovell, Stevedores and Dockers: A Study of Trade Unionism in the Port of London, pp.115, 240 5. ^John Saville, The Politics of Continuity, p.81 6. ^Trades Union Congress, "Obituary: Mr Harry Orbell", Annual Report of the 1915 Trades Union Congress, p.274 5 : 1858 births|1914 deaths|English trade unionists|People from Bristol|Presidents of British trade unions |
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