“Hazel MacKaye”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Hazel MacKaye (born New York City, New York, August 24, 1880; died Westport, Connecticut, August 11, 1944) was an American theater professional and suffragist. She is best known for helping present a series of pageants in support of women's suffrage.

Family and early life

MacKaye was born into a prominent theatrical family. Her father Steele MacKaye (1842-1894) was a famous actor, playwright, and producer; Hazel was named after his hit play Hazel Kirke.^[1] Hazel's mother Mary Medbury MacKaye (1845-1924) wrote a popular adaption of Pride and Prejudice for the stage in 1906. Hazel's siblings included engineer and writer James MacKaye (1872-1935), dramatist and poet Percy MacKaye (1875-1956), and conservationist Benton MacKaye (1879-1975). The family settled in Shirley, Massachusetts in 1888.

MacKaye first intended to be a concert pianist, but in 1907 she enrolled in Radcliffe College theater classes taught by George Pierce Baker.^[2] She failed to graduate but was made an honorary member of the 1910 class. After leaving Radcliffe MacKaye worked as an assistant on various pageant productions, including several with her older brother Percy. She was a charter member of the American Pageant Association in 1913 and wrote a "Who's Who" of the members.

MacKaye also acted, touring with the Castle Square theater company of Winthrop Ames and appearing in her brother's Sappho and Phaon and Jeanne D'Arc (both 1907) and Mater (1908). She worked as an instructor at the Children's Educational Theatre in New York City.

Career

MacKaye was active in the woman suffrage movement, being present at the first meeting of Alice Paul's Congressional Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, forerunner of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage and the National Woman's Party. The organizers of the Woman Suffrage Procession, planned for Washington, D.C. on March 3, 1913, just prior to Woodrow Wilson's inauguration, asked MacKaye to create a pageant for the event. Titled Allegory and produced by director Glenna Smith Tinnin, it was presented on the steps of the U.S. Treasury Building as the culmination of the event. The pageant was praised as "one of the most impressively beautiful spectacles ever staged in this country" in the New York Times.^[3]

Her 1914 production "The American Woman: Six Periods of American Life", presented by the New York City Men's League for Women's Suffrage, "used historical scenes to expose the specific economic, political, and social oppressions of American women".^[4] It was not a popular success. Her 1915 production Susan B. Anthony, presented at Convention Hall in Washington, D.C., was more successful, raising money for Paul's Congressional Union and celebrating the life of the great early leader of women's suffrage. These productions were huge enterprises, involving hundreds of participants.

In 1916 MacKaye staged a "Jubilee Pageant" for the National Young Women's Christian Association. By 1919 MacKaye was serving as Director of Pageantry and Drama for the organization.^[5] While with the YWCA MacKaye wrote a number of pageants for their use.

In 1921 MacKaye and Marie Moore Forrest were in charge of the ceremony for the presentation of Adelaide Johnson's "Portrait Monument to Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony" to the U.S. Capitol.^[6]

MacKaye produced another pageant in 1923 celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Seneca Falls Convention, in the Garden of the Gods park in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The pageant was intended to promote the National Woman's Party's effort to pass the Equal Rights Amendment.^[7]

MacKaye wrote "The Enchanted Urn", a fantasy pantomime, in 1924. Her pageant "The Quest of Youth" was published by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education in 1924.^[8]

From 1923 to 1926 MacKaye taught drama at Brookwood Labor College in Katonah, New York. In 1926 she left to work with the United Mine Workers in Illinois, where her class in labor drama spawned a traveling ensemble. ^[9]

Death

By the mid-1920s MacKaye was in declining health and was living with her brother Benton in Shirley. In 1928 she suffered a nervous breakdown and entered Gould Farm, a rest home in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. In 1937 her condition worsened and she was moved to a facility in Greens Farms, Connecticut.^[10] She suffered from episodes of severe depression for much of the rest of her life.^[11] She died in 1944 and was buried in the Center Cemetery in Shirley; her brother Benton was buried nearby decades later.^[12]

References

1. ^https://ead.dartmouth.edu/html/ml5_fullguide.html MacKaye family papers, Dartmouth
2. ^The Torchbearers: Women and Their Amateur Arts Associations in America, 1890-1930, Karen J. Blair, Indiana University Press, 1994, p. 136
3. ^Torchbearers, p. 138
4. ^Torchbearers, p. 139
5. ^War Work Bulletin, Jan. 17, 1919, National Board of the Young Women's Christian Association, p. 3 (unnumbered)
6. ^"A Woman's Convention" in Suffragist, January-February 1921, National Woman's Party, p. 341
7. ^Time, October 1, 1923, p. 4
8. ^https://eric.ed.gov/ Institute of Education Sciences - see entry
9. ^"Drama in American Labor Colleges", Clyde W. Barrow, in Paying the Piper: Causes and Consequences of Art Patronage, ed. Judith Balfe, p. 101-2
10. ^One Hundred Years of Service Through Community: A Gould Farm Reader, Steven K. Smith and Terry Beitzel, University Press of America, 2014, p. 48
11. ^Designing Modern America" The Regional Planning Association of America and its Members, Edward K. Spann, Ohio State University Press, 1996, p. 87-8, 159
12. ^https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/2145788/memorial-search?firstName=&lastName=MacKaye Findagrave search for MacKaye burials in Center Cemetery