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词条 Health of Donald Trump
释义

  1. Physical health

      Medical reports    Alcohol abstinence    Records  

  2. Mental health

      Questions of mental illness    The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump    Speculation of early stage dementia    Responses from Trump and supporters    Cognitive test  

  3. See also

  4. References

{{Donald Trump series}}

Since the early days of Donald Trump's presidential campaign, his physical and mental health have been a subject of public debate. Trump was seventy years old when he took office, surpassing Ronald Reagan as the oldest person to assume the presidency.[1] Comments on his age, weight and lifestyle have raised questions about his physical health. In addition, numerous public figures, media sources, and mental health professionals have speculated that Donald Trump may have mental health challenges, ranging from narcissistic personality disorder to some form of dementia. Trump and his supporters have denied these claims, and have contested the authority and motives of persons making such claims. Additionally, both the American Psychiatric Association and Alzheimer's Society have requested that people don't armchair diagnose Trump, or diagnose him with any disorder without being his doctor as per the Goldwater rule.[2][3]

Physical health

Medical reports

In December 2015, Trump's personal physician, Harold Bornstein, released a superlative-laden letter of health praising Trump for "extraordinary physical strength and stamina".[4] Bornstein later said that Trump himself had dictated the contents.[5] A follow-up medical report showed Trump's blood pressure, liver and thyroid functions to be in normal ranges, and that he takes a statin.[6][7]

In January 2018, Trump was examined by White House physician Ronny Jackson, who stated that he was in excellent health, although his weight and cholesterol level were higher than recommended,[8] and that his cardiac assessment revealed no medical issues.[9] Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump's weight, lifestyle and LDL cholesterol ought to have raised serious concerns about his cardiac health.[10]

In February 2019, Trump was examined by White House physician Sean Conley. Conley stated Trump was in "very good health overall" but had gained 4 lbs since his last exam, moving Trump into the clinically obese category.[11]

Alcohol abstinence

Trump does not drink alcohol;[8] this decision arose in part from watching his older brother Fred Jr. suffer from alcoholism that contributed to his early death in 1981.[12][13] He also said that he has never smoked cigarettes or consumed drugs, including marijuana.[14]

Records

On May 1, 2018, Bornstein told NBC News that three Trump representatives had "raided" his office on February 3, 2017, taking all of Trump's medical records. He identified two of the men as Trump's longtime bodyguard Keith Schiller and the Trump Organization's chief legal officer Alan Garten.[15] Two days earlier, Bornstein had told a reporter that Trump took a prescription hair growth medicine, Propecia, after which Trump cut ties with him.[15][16]

Mental health

Questions of mental illness

As early as November 2015, Vanity Fair reported the opinion of a number of mental health experts that Trump had "[t]extbook narcissistic personality disorder".[17] Bornstein's letter of December 2015, drafted in response to questions about the health of presidential candidates, did not address Trump's mental health,[18] while claiming that he would be "the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".[19] Bornstein disclosed in 2018 that Trump had dictated this letter over the telephone.[20] He said: "Mr. Trump dictated the letter and I would tell him what he couldn't put in there."[21] In August 2016, Bornstein stated that Trump's "health is excellent, especially his mental health."[22]

In February 2016, presidential candidate Jeb Bush speculated that Trump had mental health issues, stating "I'm not a psychiatrist or a psychologist, but the guy needs therapy".[23][24] In early 2017, psychologist John Gartner collected more than 25,000 signatures of mental health professionals on a petition, directed to the national opposition leader, Democratic Senator Chuck Schumer.[25] At the end of April 2017 he was able to forward the petition with more than 41,000 signatures of mental healthcare professionals to Washington D.C..[26] The core of the petition stated: My professional judgement is that Donald Trump manifests a serious mental illness that renders him psychologically incapable of competently discharging the duties of President of the United States. And I respectfully request him [sic] be removed from office, according to article 3 of the 25th Amendment, and so on. Gartner asserted that Trump's mental handicaps are a mix of 1. narcissism, 2. paranoia; 3. sociopathy; and 4. a dash of sadism.

On April 14, 2017, Representatives Jamie Raskin and Earl Blumenauer introduced the Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity Act.[27] The bill would replace the Cabinet as the body that, together with the vice president, determines whether to invoke Section 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which permits removal of a president who is mentally incapacitated. Under the bill, an eleven-member commission, including four psychiatrists, would conduct an examination of the president when directed to do so by a concurrent resolution of the Congress.[28][29] Blumenauer stated:

{{quote|It is hard to imagine a better group to work with the vice president to examine whether the president is able to discharge the duties of the office. When there are questions about the president's ability to fulfill his or her constitutional responsibilities, it is in the country's best interest to have a mechanism in place that works effectively.[28]}}{{tweet |name=Donald J. Trump |username=realDonaldTrump |text= North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un just stated that the "Nuclear Button is on his desk at all times." Will someone from his depleted and food starved regime please inform him that I too have a Nuclear Button, but it is a much bigger & more powerful one than his, and my Button works! |date=January 3, 2018 |id=948355557022420992}}

In January 2018, North Korea's leader Kim Jong-un and Trump publicly exchanged claims about their respective "nuclear buttons". In reaction, Richard W. Painter, a former adviser to President George W. Bush, deemed Trump "psychologically unfit" and supported transferring his powers to Vice President Pence under the 25th Amendment.[30] In April 2018 Vanity Fair reported that Trump's advisers "worry about his mental health" when he is outside the controls available in the White House environment.[31]

In September 2017, Jeanne Suk Gerson wrote in The New Yorker: "A strange consensus does appear to be forming around Trump's mental state," including Democrats and Republicans who doubt Trump's fitness for office.[35] Journalist Bill Moyers interviewed psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton and said that Trump "makes increasingly bizarre statements that are contradicted by irrefutable evidence to the contrary". Lifton replied, "He doesn't have clear contact with reality, though I'm not sure it qualifies as a bona fide delusion." As an example, Lifton said, when Trump claimed that former president Barack Obama was born in Kenya, "he was manipulating that lie as well as undoubtedly believing it in part."[32]

The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump

{{main|The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump}}

In April 2017 forensic psychiatrist Bandy X. Lee hosted a meeting at Yale University medical school regarding the ethics of discussing Trump's mental health.[33][34] In October 2017, Lee published The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump, containing essays from 27 psychologists, psychiatrists, and mental health professionals on the "clear and present danger" that Trump's mental health poses to the "nation and individual well being". They argued that the president's issues affected the mental health of the United States population,[35] and that he placed the country at grave risk of war because of his pathological traits.[35] They defined Trump's behavior in terms of psychiatric diseases, such as narcissistic personality disorder.[41] Carlos Lozada, writing for The Washington Post, considered these conclusions "compelling", but also noted that the book contributors were writing from their own political perspective, as other mental health professionals differ.[36] Lee and others contend that Trump's presidency represents an emergency allowing, or even requiring, psychiatrists to take exception from the APA's Goldwater rule, which holds that it is unethical for psychiatrists to give a professional opinion about public figures without having examined them in person, and without their consent.[37][38]

Speculation of early stage dementia

It has been asserted that Trump has signs of some degree of an early stage of dementia, constituting an inability to consistently remember facts, or respond appropriately to circumstances of his surroundings.[39] Setting the Goldwater rule aside, Charles Pierce's commentary of Trump's Rose Garden speech on February 15, 2019 describes an example of organic brain disease.[40] In addition, he has claimed erroneously that his father was born in Germany[41] [42]and stumbled repeatedly over the word "origins" in an interview, until he settled without correcting himself on "oranges".[43] An MRI study of the president's brain would be definitive in establishing a diagnosis.[44]

Responses from Trump and supporters

Trump has dismissed questions regarding his mental health, stating that he is a "very stable genius".[30] As evidence of his mental capacities, he pointed to his business success, his victory over Republican competitors, and his election to the presidency against Hillary Clinton.[45]

Cognitive test

In response to speculation about his cognitive abilities, Trump was administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at his own request as part of his January 2018 health checkup. He reportedly received a score of 30/30, indicating a normal level of cognitive function. Critics have contended that the MoCA test is too basic to diagnose the problems asserted.[46][47]

See also

  • Efforts to impeach Donald Trump
  • Goldwater rule

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-oldest-president-us-history-2016-11|title=Donald Trump is oldest president elected in US history|publisher=Business Insider|date=November 9, 2016|accessdate=November 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110164347/http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-oldest-president-us-history-2016-11|archive-date=2016-11-10|dead-url=no|df=}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/news-releases/apa-calls-for-end-to-armchair-psychiatry|title=APA Calls for End to 'Armchair' Psychiatry|website=www.psychiatry.org|access-date=2019-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230213231/https://www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/news-releases/apa-calls-for-end-to-armchair-psychiatry|archive-date=2018-12-30|dead-url=no|df=}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/blog/dementia-and-donald-trump-why-not-to-diagnose|title=Dementia and Donald Trump: Why not to diagnose from a distance|website=Alzheimer's Society|language=en|access-date=2019-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125183150/https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/blog/dementia-and-donald-trump-why-not-to-diagnose|archive-date=2019-01-25|dead-url=no|df=}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/Health_Record.pdf |title=Statement on Donald J. Trump record of health |first=Harold |last=Bornstein |date=December 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204090045/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/images/uploads/Health_Record.pdf |archive-date=February 4, 2016 |access-date=June 3, 2018}}
5. ^{{cite news |first1=Alex |last1=Marquardt |first2=Lawrence |last2=Crook III |title=Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=May 1, 2018 |access-date=May 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520125345/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html |archive-date=2018-05-20 |dead-url=no |df= }}
6. ^{{cite news |first=Sam |last=Frizell |url=https://time.com/4495117/donald-trump-doctors-letter/ |title=Donald Trump's Doctor's Letter Reveals He is Overweight, But 'In Excellent Health' |work=Time |date=September 15, 2016 |access-date=April 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429131054/http://time.com/4495117/donald-trump-doctors-letter/ |archive-date=2017-04-29 |dead-url=no |df= }}
7. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/19/us/politics/donald-trump-health.html |title=A Doctor's Assessment of Whether Donald Trump's Health Is 'Excellent' |work=The New York Times |first=Lawrence K. |last=Altman |date=September 18, 2016 |access-date=October 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020191937/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/19/us/politics/donald-trump-health.html |archive-date=2017-10-20 |dead-url=no |df= }}
8. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/ |first=Jamie |last=Ducharme |title=The White House Doctor Called President Trump's Health 'Excellent.' Here's the Full Summary of His Physical Exam |work=Time |date=January 17, 2018 |access-date=January 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117153018/http://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/ |archive-date=2018-01-17 |dead-url=no |df= }}
9. ^{{cite news |title=Trump's first full presidential physical exam, explained |url=https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16863254/trump-physical-exam-mental-health |work=Vox |first1=Eliza |last1=Barclay |first2=Julia |last2=Belluz |date=January 16, 2018 |access-date=January 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112015246/https://www.vox.com/2018/1/11/16863254/trump-physical-exam-mental-health |archive-date=2018-01-12 |dead-url=no |df= }}
10. ^{{cite news |first1=Michael D. |last1=Shear |first2=Gina |last2=Kolata |title=Trump's Physical Revealed Serious Heart Concerns, Outside Experts Say |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 17, 2018 |access-date=June 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004654/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html |archive-date=2018-01-29 |dead-url=no |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web |last1=Jacqueline |first1=Howard |last2=Liptak |first2=Kevin |title=Trump in 'very good health overall' but obese, according to physical exam results |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=15 February 2019 |language=en |date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214224535/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html |archive-date=2019-02-14 |dead-url=no |df= }}
12. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html |title=For Donald Trump, Lessons From a Brother's Suffering |newspaper=The New York Times |last=Horowitz |first=Jason |date=January 2, 2016 |access-date=July 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721085748/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/us/politics/for-donald-trump-lessons-from-a-brothers-suffering.html |archive-date=2016-07-21 |dead-url=no |df= }}
13. ^{{cite magazine |last=McAfee |first=Tierney |url=https://www.people.com/article/donald-trump-brother-fred-death-alcoholism |title=Donald Trump Opens Up About His Brother's Death from Alcoholism: It Had a "Profound Impact on My Life" |magazine=People |date=October 8, 2015 |quote=[T]here are a few hard and fast principles that he himself lives by: no drugs, no cigarettes and no alcohol. Trump's abstinence from alcohol was largely shaped by the death of his brother, Fred Jr., from alcoholism in 1981. |access-date=2018-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215181053/https://people.com/article/donald-trump-brother-fred-death-alcoholism |archive-date=2018-12-15 |dead-url=no |df= }}
14. ^{{cite news |title=Part 2: Donald Trump on 'Watters' World' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc |access-date=September 4, 2016 |work=Watters' World |publisher=Fox News Channel |date=February 6, 2016 |quote=WATTERS: "Have you ever smoked weed?" TRUMP: "No, I have not. I have not. I would tell you 100 percent because everyone else seems to admit it nowadays, so I would actually tell you. This is almost like, it's almost like 'Hey, it's a sign'. No, I have never. I have never smoked a cigarette, either." |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021091528/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fN5OLqxNqc |archive-date=2016-10-21 |dead-url=no |df= }}
15. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351|title=Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files|last=Schechter|first=Anna R.|date=May 1, 2018|work=NBC News|accessdate=May 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501223104/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351|archive-date=2018-05-01|dead-url=no|df=}}
16. ^{{cite web|last1=Altman|first1=Lawrence|title=Donald Trump's Longtime Doctor Says President Takes Hair-Growth Drug|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/us/politics/trump-prostate-drug-hair-harold-bornstein.html|accessdate=February 2, 2017|date=February 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202094858/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/us/politics/trump-prostate-drug-hair-harold-bornstein.html|archive-date=2017-02-02|dead-url=no|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/11/donald-trump-narcissism-therapists|title=Is Donald Trump Actually a Narcissist? Therapists Weigh In!|first=Henry|last=Alford|publisher=Vanity Fair|date=November 11, 2015|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705072749/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2015/11/donald-trump-narcissism-therapists|archive-date=2018-07-05|dead-url=no|df=}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/14/opinions/vox-trump-medical-fitness/index.html|title=Is Trump in the most 'astonishingly excellent' health of any candidate ever?|first=Ford|last=Vox|publisher=CNN|date=December 15, 2015|access-date=2018-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725063539/https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/14/opinions/vox-trump-medical-fitness/index.html|archive-date=2018-07-25|dead-url=no|df=}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/08/bornstein-trump-linguistics/497840/|title=The Bizarre Words of Donald Trump's Doctor|last=Hamblin|first=James|date=August 31, 2016|work=The Atlantic|accessdate=May 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508062444/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/08/bornstein-trump-linguistics/497840/|archive-date=2018-05-08|dead-url=no|df=}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html|title=Exclusive: Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter|date=May 1, 2018|work=CNN|accessdate=May 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502001202/https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html|archive-date=2018-05-02|dead-url=no|df=}}
21. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43970908|title=Trump wrote own health letter, doctor says|date=May 2, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=May 2, 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502044734/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43970908|archive-date=2018-05-02|dead-url=no|df=}}
22. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-doctor-wrote-health-letter-just-5-minutes-limo-waited-n638526|title=Trump Doctor Wrote Health Letter in Just 5 Minutes as Limo Waited|date=August 26, 2016|work=NBC News|accessdate=May 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502002005/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-doctor-wrote-health-letter-just-5-minutes-limo-waited-n638526|archive-date=2018-05-02|dead-url=no|df=}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/02/jeb-bush-says-donald-trump-needs-therapy-new-hampshire/|title=Jeb Bush on Trump: I'm no shrink, "but he needs therapy"|publisher=Mother Jones|date=February 6, 2016|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720080139/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/02/jeb-bush-says-donald-trump-needs-therapy-new-hampshire/|archive-date=2018-07-20|dead-url=no|df=}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/140702/medical-theory-donald-trumps-bizarre-behavior|title=A Medical Theory for Donald Trump's Bizarre Behavior|publisher=New Republic|date=February 17, 2017|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720080121/https://newrepublic.com/article/140702/medical-theory-donald-trumps-bizarre-behavior|archive-date=2018-07-20|dead-url=no|df=}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilywillingham/2017/02/19/psychologist-calls-on-colleagues-to-sign-petition-for-trumps-removal/#52fd90e264f3|title=The Trump Psych Debate: Is It Wrong To Say He's Mentally Ill?|first=Emily|last=Willingham|publisher=Forbes|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717101120/https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilywillingham/2017/02/19/psychologist-calls-on-colleagues-to-sign-petition-for-trumps-removal/#52fd90e264f3#52fd90e264f3|archive-date=2018-07-17|dead-url=no|df=}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world-0/donald-trump-dangerous-mental-illness-yale-psychiatrist-conference-us-president-unfit-james-gartner-a7694316.html|title=35 psychiatrists just met at Yale to warn Donald Trump has a 'dangerous mental illness'|publisher=The Independent|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719165234/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world-0/donald-trump-dangerous-mental-illness-yale-psychiatrist-conference-us-president-unfit-james-gartner-a7694316.html|archive-date=2018-07-19|dead-url=no|df=}}
27. ^{{USBill|115|H.R.|1987}}
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29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/29/opinion/trump-unfit-goldwater-rule.html|title=Who Decides Whether Trump Is Unfit to Govern?|first1=Peter D.|last1=Kramer|first2=Sally L.|last2=Satel|publisher=The New York Times|date=August 29, 2017|access-date=2018-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803120947/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/29/opinion/trump-unfit-goldwater-rule.html|archive-date=2018-08-03|dead-url=no|df=}}
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33. ^[https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2017-04-21/mental-health-professionals-debate-ethics-in-the-age-of-trump An Ethical Dilemma.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005717/https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2017-04-21/mental-health-professionals-debate-ethics-in-the-age-of-trump |date=2018-01-24 }} Susan Milligan, U.S. News, 21 April 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
34. ^Who Is Bandy Lee? Trump's Mental Health Questioned By Yale Psychiatrist. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005713/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-bandy-lee-trumps-mental-health-questioned-yale-psychiatrist-2636830 |date=2018-01-24 }} Gayathri Anuradha, International Business Times, 3 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
35. ^{{cite news |last=Parker |first=Kathleen |title=Is Trump making America mentally ill? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/is-trump-making-america-mentally-ill/2017/06/13/28204b08-507b-11e7-be25-3a519335381c_story.html |work=The Washington Post |date=June 13, 2017 |access-date=June 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614014138/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/is-trump-making-america-mentally-ill/2017/06/13/28204b08-507b-11e7-be25-3a519335381c_story.html |archive-date=2017-06-14 |dead-url=no |df= }}
36. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2017/09/22/is-trump-mentally-ill-or-is-america-psychiatrists-weigh-in/ |first=Carlos |last=Lozada |title=Is Trump Mentally Ill? Or Is America? Psychiatrists Weigh In |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 22, 2017 |access-date=2018-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726022623/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/book-party/wp/2017/09/22/is-trump-mentally-ill-or-is-america-psychiatrists-weigh-in/ |archive-date=2018-07-26 |dead-url=no |df= }}
37. ^{{Cite journal|title=Ethics Reminder Offered About 'Goldwater Rule' on Talking to Media |journal=Psychiatric News |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=2–3 |date=May 18, 2007 |doi=10.1176/pn.42.10.0002 }}
38. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/will-trump-be-the-death-of-the-goldwater-rule |title=Will Trump Be the Death of the Goldwater Rule? |first=Jeannie Suk |last=Gersen |work=The New Yorker |date=August 23, 2017 |access-date=21 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921193704/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/will-trump-be-the-death-of-the-goldwater-rule |archive-date=2017-09-21 |dead-url=no |df= }}
39. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/joe-scaroborough-claims-sources-say-trump-has-early-signs-dementia-what-does-774057|title=Trump shows early signs of dementia, Joe Scarborough claimed sources say—what does that mean?|date=8 January 2018|publisher=Newsweek|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802134759/https://www.newsweek.com/joe-scaroborough-claims-sources-say-trump-has-early-signs-dementia-what-does-774057|archive-date=2018-08-02|dead-url=no|df=}}
40. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/a26364026/trump-national-emergency-25th-amendment/|title=Trump's Rose Garden Fiasco Was a Commercial for the 25th Amendment|last=Pierce|first=Charles P.|date=2019-02-15|website=Esquire|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-19}}
41. ^https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/03/trump-claims-father-born-germany-false-fred-trump
42. ^{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/trumps-pattern-of-cognitive-decline-alarms-psychiatrists-110000099.html|title=Trump's 'pattern of cognitive decline' alarms psychiatrists|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-07}}
43. ^https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a27021746/trump-oranges-of-the-investigation-origin-father-germany/
44. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/07/donald-trump-should-be-tested-for-brain-disease/|title=I think Trump should be tested for a degenerative brain disease|date=2017-12-07|website=STAT|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215231147/https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/07/donald-trump-should-be-tested-for-brain-disease/|archive-date=2019-02-15|dead-url=no|access-date=2019-02-17|df=}}
45. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/06/politics/donald-trump-white-house-fitness-very-stable-genius/index.html |title=Trump: I'm a 'very stable genius' |first=Daniella |last=Diaz |publisher=CNN |date=January 6, 2018 |access-date=2018-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719204502/https://www.cnn.com/2018/01/06/politics/donald-trump-white-house-fitness-very-stable-genius/index.html |archive-date=2018-07-19 |dead-url=no |df= }}
46. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/19/health/trump-cognitive-screening-dementia.html|title=Trump Passed a Cognitive Exam. What Does That Really Mean?|publisher=The New York Times|first=Gina|last=Kolata|date=January 19, 2018|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716223459/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/19/health/trump-cognitive-screening-dementia.html|archive-date=2018-07-16|dead-url=no|df=}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/01/the-president-can-draw-a-clock/550610/|title=The President Can Draw a Clock|first=James|last=Hamblin|date=January 16, 2018|publisher=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726040955/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2018/01/the-president-can-draw-a-clock/550610/|archive-date=2018-07-26|dead-url=no|df=}}
{{Donald Trump}}

3 : Donald Trump|Health by individual|Medical controversies in the United States
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