| 词条 | Heidi Williams |
| 释义 |
|name = Heidi Williams |image = |birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1981}} |birth_place = United States |death_date = |death_place = |residence = Cambridge, MA |citizenship = |nationality = United States |ethnicity = |fields = Economist |workplaces = Massachusetts Institute of Technology |alma_mater = Dartmouth College; Harvard University |doctoral_advisor = David Cutler[1] Amy Finkelstein[1] Lawrence F. Katz[1] |known_for = Economics of Innovation }} Heidi Williams (born 1981) is an Associate Professor in Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology[2] and a member of the National Bureau of Economic Research. She is a graduate of Dartmouth College, and of Harvard University for her PhD in Economics. Williams is an applied micro-economist who works on the causes and consequences of technological change in health care markets. Specifically, she studies economic and policy factors that affect medical innovation, and quantifies the impacts of "missing innovation" that could have been beneficial for human health and medicine.[3] She is most well known for her work on the Human Genome Project. In her dissertation research, Williams shows that intellectual property held by the company Celera on human genome sequences had negative consequences for the development of scientific research and genetic tests based on those genes.[4] In some other work, Williams (and her co-authors) show that pharmaceutical firms under-invest in research in early-stage cancer drugs because they take longer time to get to market, as compared to drugs for late-stage cancer.[3] In 2015, Williams was made a MacArthur Fellow, a grant given yearly to 25 people around the world to continue work in their fields.[5] Her citation[6] for that award noted: {{quote|Heidi Williams is an economist unraveling the causes and consequences of innovation in health care markets. Williams combines finely grained empirical observations and custom-designed data collection methods to build entirely new datasets about technological changes in health care. In addition, her creative methods for determining causal inference, and keen understanding of regulatory law, biological science, and medical research, have allowed her to trace the interplay among institutions, market behavior, and public policy–relevant outcomes.}}Publications
References1. ^1 2 Williams's CV 2. ^{{cite web | title=Heidi Williams MIT Web Page | url=http://economics.mit.edu/faculty/heidiw}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web|title = What Cures Are We Missing Out On?|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-30/what-cures-are-we-missing-out-on-ask-this-macarthur-genius|website = Bloomberg.com|accessdate = 2015-11-02|first = John Tozzi|last = jtozz}} 4. ^{{Cite web|title = "Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from the Human Genome," H. Williams (2010)|url = https://afinetheorem.wordpress.com/2010/09/27/intellectual-property-rights-and-innovation-evidence-from-the-human-genome-h-williams-2010/|website = A Fine Theorem|accessdate = 2015-11-02|date = 2010-09-27}} 5. ^{{cite web | title=Heidi Williams wins Macarthur Genius Grant, MIT News, September 29, 2015 | url=http://news.mit.edu/2015/heidi-williams-wins-macarthur-genius-grant-0929/}} 6. ^{{cite web | title=Heidi Williams Macartur Fellow Citation, 2015 | url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/951/}} External links
9 : Harvard University alumni|MacArthur Fellows|Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty|Dartmouth College alumni|American women economists|21st-century American economists|1981 births|Living people|Truman Scholars |
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